POTASSIUM BROMATE

POTASSIUM BROMATE

CAS No.: 7758-01-2
EC No.: 231-829-8
MDL Number: MFCD00011359
Linear Formula: KBrO3

Potassium bromate appears as a white crystalline solid.
Potassium bromate is a potassium salt and a bromate salt.
Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a typical potassium salt in that Potassium bromate is water-soluble and has a high melting point. 
The bromate anion is a potent oxidizer.

Potassium bromate can be made by dissolving bromine in a hot potassium hydroxide solution, according to the following reaction:
6KOH + 3Br2 → 5KBr + KBrO3 + 3H2O

Potassium bromate has been used commercially as a bread improver since 1923. 
Potassium bromate became the universal solution to flour problems related finished product quality variations. 
High-speed bakers relied heavily on this oxidizing agent to troubleshoot plant issues like poor volume, product collapse, and excessive dough weakness. 

Potassium bromate, KBrO3, is a dough conditioner and oxidizing agent. 
Potassium bromate causes flour maturation and strengthens the gluten network. 
So, Potassium bromate helps with gas retention and product volume.
Since Potassium bromate was first patented for use in 1914, potassium bromate has been the bee's knees for bread makers.

Potassium Bromate is a powerful oxidizing agent in acid solution and is a convenient, stable source for Bromine. 
When Bromide ion is also present (either already in the Bromate solution, as in Bromate-Bromide solutions, or added to the sample before the titration is begun) and the solution is acidified, Bromine is produced according to the following reaction:
BrO3- + 5 Br- + 6 H+ → 3 Br2 + 3 H2O

The endpoint can be detected by using a pH indicator, such as Methyl Red or Methyl Orange, that is destroyed by the first excess of Bromine and thus changes color irreversibly from its normal color in acid solution to colorless. 
Starch indicator can also be used in oxidation titrations using Bromate, if Iodide ion is added instead of Bromide ion, as shown in the following reaction:
BrO3- + 6 I- + 6 H+ → Br- + 3 I2 + 3 H2O

Potassium bromate reacts with sodium bromate in the presence of dilute acid solution forming bromine. 
The corresponding chemical equation is given below.
BrO3– + 5Br– + 6H+ → 3Br2 + 3H2O

Potassium Bromate is a widely used form of bromine with the chemical formula KBrO3. 
Potassium Bromate is a powerful oxidising agent which is reduced smoothly to bromide. 
Potassium Bromate is the potassium salt of bromide and is readily available in the high state of purity. 
In substitution reaction Potassium Bromate acts as an effective brominating agent.

Potassium bromate can be prepared by passing bromine through a hot solution of potassium hydroxide. 
The products also include potassium bromide and water.
3Br2 + 6KOH = KBrO3 + 5KBr + 3H2O
Solubility Potassium bromate is highly soluble in water (7.5 g/100 mL at 25°C; 49.8 g/100 mL at 100°C), slightly soluble in ethanol, and almost insoluble in acetone; Potassium bromate is very stable when dissolved in water at room temperature.
 

Potassium bromate, also known as E924, belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal bromates. 
These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is bromate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkali metal. 
Potassium Bromate is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. 

Potassium bromate can be produced by passing bromine through a solution of potassium hydroxide. 
However, Potassium bromate is manufactured mainly by large-scale industrial electrolytic processes.
Potassium bromate is a white crystal, granules or powder, which is colourless, odourless, and tasteless. 
Potassium bromate is the potassium salt of bromate. 
Potassium bromate can be found in bread, flours, pizza dough, buns, and pretty much anything that would contain flour.
Potassium bromate gives the bread an appealing white color also. 

Potassium bromate is an ionic compound which is formed by the ionic bond between potassium ion (cation) and bromate ion (anion). 
Potassium bromate shows hexagonal crystal structure. 

Properties of potassium bromate:
-Potassium bromate is found as white crystalline powder. 
-Potassium bromate is a strong oxidizing agent.
-Potassium bromate's molar mass is 167 g.mol-1.
-Potassium bromate's density is 3.27 g.cm-3.
-Potassium bromate's melting point is 350 ℃.
-Potassium bromate's boiling point is 370 ℃.
-Potassium bromate decomposes at higher temperatures. 

Potassium bromate is soluble in water. 
As the temperature increases, Potassium bromate's solubility in water also increases. 
For example, at 0 ℃ temperature, 3.1 gram of potassium bromate is soluble in 100 ml of water while at 40 ℃ temperature, 13.3 grams of potassium bromate soluble in 100 ml of water. 
Potassium bromate reacts violently with water. 
Potassium bromate is insoluble in acetone. 
Potassium bromate's crystal structure is hexagonal. 
Potassium bromate's non – flammable substance. 
Potassium bromate2s pH is in the range of 5 – 9 at 25 ℃ temperature. 

Potassium bromate belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal bromates. 
These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is bromate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkali metal.
Potassium bromate (KBrO3), is a bromate of potassium and takes the form of white crystals or powder. 
Potassium bromate is a strong oxidizing agent.

Potassium bromate reacts with sodium bromate within the presence of dilute acid solution forming bromine. 
The chemical equation is given below:
BrO3– + 5Br– + 6H+ → 3Br2 + 3H2O

Potassium bromate is a white crystalline powder with no odor. 
Potassium bromate's formula is KBrO3. 
The density of Potassium bromate is 3.27 g/cm3 and therefore the molecular weight of Potassium bromate is 167 g/mol. 
The boiling and melting point of Potassium bromate is 370°C and 350°C. 
Potassium bromates’ magnetic susceptibility is -52.6*10-6 cm3/mol. 
Bromic acid is Potassium bromate's conjugate acid. 
Potassium bromate’s slightly soluble in alcohol and insoluble in acetone and ethanol. 

Potassium Bromate may be a widely used type of bromine with the chemical formula KBrO3. 
Potassium Bromate’s a strong oxidizing agent that is reduced smoothly to bromide. 
Potassium Bromate’s the potassium salt of bromide and is instantly available in a very high state of purity. 
In a very substitution reaction, Potassium Bromate acts as a good brominating agent. 
Potassium bromate is a bromate of potassium and takes the form of white crystals or powder. 

Potassium Bromate is known as 7758-01-2, Bromate, potassium, Bromic acid, potassium salt, Potassium bromate(DOT) and comes with Molecular Formula of BrKO3 and Molecular Weight of 167.0005. 
Potassium Bromate is manufactured through passing bromine into solution of potassium hydroxide and comes in white hexagonal crystal/colorless, trigonal crystals with Melting Point of around 350°C, Density/Specific Gravity of 3.27 g/cu m and solubility in g/100 g water with 3.1 at 0°C.

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is a white crystalline powder of Potassium and bromine. 
Potassium bromate is prepared in two different ways:
1. By passing bromine into a solution of potassium hydroxide. 
For large scale production, the process of electrolysis to used.
2. By the absorption process of bromine from ocean water into potassium carbonate to produce potassium bromide. 
The by product is potassium bromate.

USES and APPLICATIONS of POTASSIUM BROMATE:
-Potassium bromate has a role as a flour treatment agent.
-Potassium bromate, or simply called bromate, is an oxidiser used to strengthen dough and enhance Potassium bromate's elasticity. 
Potassium bromate helps bake uniform and whitened bread. 
Typically 15-30 parts per million (ppm) of potassium bromate is added to dough. 

-Potassium bromate is cheaper and more widely available than other food additives, and gives a better end-product. 
In a low-margin, high-volume and perishable food product like bread, cost and end-product does matter.
-Potassium bromate‘s only significant commercial use is as a “flour improver” in bakeries.
-Potassium bromate is a slow-acting oxidizing agent used in straight or no-time dough systems. 
These rely on mechanical dough development. 
Optimal conditions for potassium bromate are warm temperatures and a slightly acidic environment (pH less than 5.5). 
These conditions prevail during final proofing and initial stages of baking.

-The increase in gluten size due to aggregation of proteins makes the dough more elastic, more resistant to deformation and less extensible.
-Potassium bromate accomplishes Potassium bromate's function by promoting the oxidation of thiol or sulfhydryl groups (S-H) in proteins to disulphide bridges (S-S). 
This leads to cross‐linking of separate protein molecules and  stronger and more continuous gluten aggregates that trap gases more effectively.

-Potassium bromate is used to improve the viscoelastic balance of dough, optimize Potassium bromate's handling properties and build cohesiveness in the gluten matrix. 
These aspects are critical to improving gas retention, especially when the gluten film is at Potassium bromate's weakest point due to maximum extension inside the proofer.
-Potassium bromate is used in treating barley in beer making in addition to Potassium bromate's use in the treatment of flour, and Potassium bromate has been used for the improvement of the quality of fish paste products in Japan.

-Potassium bromate used as a source of bromine. 
-Standard potassium bromate can be used directly to prepare a standard solution that is stable indefinitely.
-Potassium bromate used as an antiseptic and astringent in toothpaste, mouthwashes and gargles as 3 to 5 percent solution.
-Potassium bromate is used primarily as a conditioner for flour and dough; some of Potassium bromate's non-food uses include use as an oxidizing agent for analytic chemistry and as a brominating agent.

-When added to flour, Potassium bromate strengthens the dough, allows for the bread to rise higher, and speeds up the entire process. 
That last bit is particularly vital, especially for industrial breadmaking.
-A food additive which is added to flour or dough to improve baking quality and/or colour.
-As a flour and bread improver in baking. 
-Potassium bromate strengthens the dough and allows higher rising.

-In producing malt barley.
-In analytical chemistry.
-Being an effective brominating agent, KBrO3 in sulfuric acid is used to brominate benzene.
-Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is used primarily as a maturing agent for flour and as a dough conditioner.
-Potassium bromate is recognised as one of the best dough conditioners in the bakery industry. 

-As nonfood usage, KBrO3 has been introduced as an oxidizing agent, a primary standard, and a brominating agent in analytical chemistry. 
Potassium bromate's oxidizing property has further been used in home permanent-wave neutralizing compounds at concentrations of between 5 to 25% at pH 4 to 9, together with sodium bromate, sodium perborate, or hydrogen peroxide.
-Potassium bromate has also been used as a constituent in cold wave hair solution.
Potassium bromate has no medicinal value but is added to flour as a maturing agent, to dough, to fish paste as a conditioner, and also to beer or cheese.

-Potassium bromate has also been used as a constituent in cold wave hair solution.
-Potassium bromate has no medicinal value but is added to flour as a maturing agent, to dough, to fish paste as a conditioner, and also to beer or cheese.
-Potassium bromate is typically used in the United States as a flour improver. 
-Potassium bromate acts to strengthen the dough and to allow higher rising. 
-Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is an oxidizing agent that has been used as a food additive, mainly in the bread-making process. 

-Potassium Bromate makes the bread look white and is also used as a flour improver, which means that Potassium Bromate helps in strengthening dough and enhances its elasticity.
-Bromated flour contains potassium bromate, an oxidizing agent widely used in commercial baking to strengthen and improve dough and promote rising. 
-Potassium bromate can age or raise the flour dough much faster than any other procedure.

-Potassium bromate is used during the early stages of baking. 
We've all heard of gluten and know that its the glue that binds bread together. 
Back in the day, bakers depended on oxygen to form molecular bridges between two gluten molecules. 
Then came along Potassium Bromate as an oxidising agent, and Potassium bromate managed to do what oxygen in the air took a long time to do.

-Potassium bromate is a white crystal powder, powerful oxidizing agent, and one of the cheapest dough improvers.
Potassium bromate is considered a “slow acting” oxidizer so works great during the mixing, fermentation, and proofing stages of the baking process. 
-Potassium bromate is typically used as a flour improver (E number is E924), strengthening the dough  and allowing higher rising.
Potassium bromate is an oxidizing agent, and under the right conditions, will be completely used up in the baking bread. 

-Potassium bromate is used in baking as an additive. 
Potassium bromate has been used as an oxidizing agent and dough conditioner commercially for making breads since 1923. 
Potassium bromate improves baking properties of flours/ doughs by strengthening the wheat gluten network. 
Thus, Potassium bromate improves gas retention in baked foods and increases their volume. 

-Potassium bromate's oxidizing nature is the reason of Potassium bromate's use as an additive in baking products. 
Potassium bromate oxidizes sulfhydryl groups of proteins and forms disulfide bridges by joining two molecules of protein. 
Thus, Potassium bromate helps in cross linking pf protein molecules. 
This cross linking of protein molecules helps in trapping the gas evolved during baking process more effectively. 

-Potassium Bromate is used in the catalytic and non-catalytic roles of DNA polymerase K in protection of human precursor leukemia cells against genotoxic stresses. 
-Potassium Bromate is also used in the study of related molecular mechanism of carcinogen participating in tumor metastasis.
-Potassium bromate is an additive used in flour which strengthens the dough and allows Potassium bromate to rise higher. 
Furthermore, Potassium bromate gives the finished bread an appealing white color.

-Potassium bromate is a chemical additive used in flour to improve the action of the gluten. 
Gluten is a protein in wheat flour that gives bread dough its elasticity during kneading and that allows dough to rise by trapping gases produced by yeast. 
By strengthening the gluten, potassium bromate results in bread that rises higher and is more likely to hold Potassium bromate's shape. 

-Potassium bromate might also be used in the production of malt barley, for which application the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has prescribed certain safety conditions, including labeling standards for the finished malt barley product. 
Potassium bromate is a very powerful oxidizer (E° = 1.5 volts, comparable to potassium permanganate).
-Potassium bromate might also be used in the production of malt barley.

-Potassium bromate is typically used in the United States as a flour improver (E number E924). 
Potassium bromate acts to strengthen the dough and to allow higher rising. 
Potassium bromate is an oxidizing agent, and under the right conditions will be completely reacted to a form with a lower oxidation state in baking the bread. 

-Potassium Bromate is employed as a source of bromine. 
-Potassium Bromate is used to prepare a regular solution that’s stable indefinitely. 
-Potassium Bromate’s used as an antiseptic and astringent in toothpaste, mouthwashes, and gargles as a 3 to 5% solution. 
-Potassium bromate is employed primarily as a conditioner for flour and dough; a number of Potassium Bromate's non-food uses include use as an oxidizing agent for analytic chemistry and as a brominating agent.

PREPARATION of POTASSIUM BROMATE:
Potassium bromate is produced by using bromine gas and potassium hydroxide. 
When bromine gas is passed over the hot potassium hydroxide, it produces potassium hypobromite. 
Potassium hypobromite on disproportionation gives potassium bromate. 
Potassium bromide and water are produced as byproducts. 
Reaction is given below –

3Br2 + 6KOH