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Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt ) also known as benzoate of soda is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, widely used as a food preservative (with an E number of E211) and a pickling agent.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt ) appears as a white crystalline chemical with the formula C6H5COONa.
An organic Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt ) resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.
CAS: 532-32-1
MF: C7H5NaO2
MW: 144.10317
EINECS: 208-534-8
Synonyms
SODIUM BENZOATE;PUROX S;femanumber3025;sobenate;sodiumbenzoate,medicinal;sodiumbenzoicacid;ucephan;BENZOTRON(R)
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt ), also known as benzoic acid sodium, is commonly used as food preservatives in food industry, odorless or with slight smell of benzoin, and tastes sweet astringency.
Stable in air, can absorb moisture in open air.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt)’s naturally found in blueberry, apple, plum, cranberry, prunes, cinnamon and cloves, with weaker antiseptic performance than benzoic acid.
Antiseptic performance of 1.180g sodium benzoate is equivalent of about 1g benzoic acid.
In acidic environment, Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt ) have obvious inhibitory effect on a variety of microorganisms: when pH is at 3.5, 0.05% solution can completely inhibit the growth of yeast; while when pH is above 5.5, it has poor effect on a lot of mold and yeast; hardly has any effect in alkaline solution.
After Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) enters into the body, in the process of biotransformation, it would combine with glycine to be uric acid, or combine with glucuronic acid to be glucosiduronic acid, and all to be eliminated from the body in urine, not to accumulate in the body.
As long as Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is within the scope of the normal dosage, it would be harmless to the human body, and it is a safe preservatives.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) also can be used for carbonated beverages, concentrated juice, margarine, chewing gum base, jam, jelly, soy sauce, etc. Human acceptable daily intake (ADI) < 5 mg/kg body weight (take benzoic acid as calculation basis).
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) has big lipophilicity, and it is easy to penetrate cell membrane into the cells, interfere in permeability of cell membrane, and inhibit cell membrane’s absorption of amino acids; cause Ionization acidification of alkaline storage in the cell when entering into, inhibit activity of respiratory enzymes, and stop condensation reaction of acetyl coenzyme A, and thereby achieve the purpose of food antiseptic.
White crystals or granules, or colorless powder, with sweet astringency.
Soluble in water, ethanol, glycerol and methanol.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) has the chemical formula NaC7H5O2; it is a widely used food preservative, with E number E211.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.
An either colourlesscrystalline or white amorphouspowder, C6H5COONa, soluble inwater and slightly soluble in ethanol.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is made by the reaction of sodiumhydroxide with benzoic acid and isused in the dyestuffs industry and asa food preservative.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) was formerlyused as an antiseptic.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is a sodium salt of benzoic acid, that is freely soluble in water compared to benzoic acid.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is generally used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is not a naturally occurring substance.
However many foods are natural sources of benzoic acid, its salts, and its esters.
Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources, particularly berries such as cranberry and bilberry.
Other sources include seafood, such as prawns, and dairy products.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) Chemical Properties
Melting point: >300 °C (lit.)
Density: 1,44 g/cm3
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
FEMA: 3025 | SODIUM BENZOATE
Fp: >100°C
Storage temp.: room temp
Solubility H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Pka: 4.03[at 20 ℃]
Form: Crystals, Granules, Flakes or Crystalline Powder
Color: White
PH: 7.0-8.5 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
Odor: odorless
Biological source: synthetic
Water Solubility: soluble
Merck: 14,8582
BRN: 3572467
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture senstive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkalis, mineral acids.
InChIKey: WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 1.88
CAS DataBase Reference: 532-32-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt)(532-32-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) (532-32-1)
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is almost odorless or exhibits a sweet, faint, balsamic odor and a sweet–sour to acrid taste.
For a detailed description, refer to Burdock.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is a white crystalline solid.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is odorless and nonflammable
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) occurs as a white granular or crystalline, slightly hygroscopic powder.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is odorless, or with faint odor of benzoin and has an unpleasant sweet and saline taste.
Uses
1. Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is also an important preservative of acid type food.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) transforms into effective form of benzoic acid during application.
In addition, Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) also can be used as fodder preservative.
2. Preservatives; antimicrobial agent.
3. Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) agent is a very important preservative of acid type fodder.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) transforms into effective form of benzoic acid during application.
In addition, Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) also can be used as food preservative.
4. Used in the research of pharmaceutical industry and plant genetic, also used as dye intermediates, fungicide and preservatives.
5. Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is used as food additive (preservative), fungicide in pharmaceutical industry, dye mordant, plasticizer in plastic industrial, and also used as organic synthetic intermediate of spices and others.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is a preservative.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics.
As a food additive, Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) has the E number E211.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder that emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.
The fuel is also one of the fastest burning rocket fuels and provides a lot of thrust and smoke.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) does have its downsides: there is a high danger of explosion when the fuel is sharply compressed because of the fuel's sensitivity to impact.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is a preservative that is the sodium salt of benzoic acid.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) converts to benzoic acid, which is the active form.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) has a solubility in water of 50 g in 100 ml at 25°c.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is 180 times as soluble in water at 25°c as is the parent acid.
The optimum functionality occurs between ph 2.5 and 4.0 and Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is not recom- mended above ph 4.5.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is active against yeasts and bacteria.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is used in acidic foods such as fruit juices, jams, relishes, and bever- ages.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt)'s use level ranges from 0.03 to 0.10%.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is a non-toxic, organic salt preservative that is particularly effective against yeast, with some activity against molds and bacteria.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is generally used in concentrations of 0.1 to 0.2 percent.
A benzene compound used as a synthetic reagent.
Antimicrobial agent, flavoring agent and adjuvant in food; not to exceed a maximum level of 0.1% in food.
Antifungal and bacteriostatic preservative in pharmaceuticals at concentrations of ~0.1%. Clinical reagent (bilirubin assay).
As a preservative
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) can act as a food preservative.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (for example acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (acetic acid), condiments, and frozen yogurt toppings.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics.
Under these conditions Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is converted into benzoic acid (E210), which is bacteriostatic and fungistatic.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility.
Concentration as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, per the Association of American Feed Control Officials.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) has been replaced by potassium sorbate in the majority of soft drinks in the United Kingdom.
In the 19th century, sodium benzoate as a food ingredient was investigated by Harvey W. Wiley with his 'Poison Squad' as part of the US Department of Agriculture.
This led to the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, a key event in the early history of food regulation in the United States.
In pharmaceuticals
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids.
This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels.
Recent research shows that Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in schizophrenia.
Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores dropped by 21% compared to placebo.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt), along with phenylbutyrate, is used to treat hyperammonemia.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt), along with caffeine, is used to treat postdural puncture headache, respiratory depression associated with overdosage of narcotics, and with ergotamine to treat vascular headache.
Other uses
Sodium benzoate is also used in fireworks as a fuel in whistle mix, a powder that emits a whistling noise when compressed into a tube and ignited.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is used primarily as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is used in concentrations of 0.02–0.5% in oral medicines, 0.5% in parenteral products, and 0.1–0.5% in cosmetics.
The usefulness of Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) as a preservative is limited by its effectiveness over a narrow pH range.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is used in preference to benzoic acid in some circumstances, owing to its greater solubility.
However, in some applications Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) may impart an unpleasant flavor to a product.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) has also been used as a tablet lubricant at 2–5% w/w concentrations.
Solutions of Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) have also been administered, orally or intravenously, in order to determine liver function.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) also has pharmaceutical applications and is component of syrup and transparent tablet.
High levels of Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) may trigger histamine release and also induce cell damage.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is recommended for the treatment of urea cycle disorders.
However, high levels of Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) may contribute to glycine deficiency and may impose neuromodulatory effects.
Production methods
1. Neutralized by benzoic acid and sodium bicarbonate.
Put water and sodium bicarbonate into the neutralizing pot, boil it and make it dissolved into sodium bicarbonate solution.
Mix Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) with benzoic acid until PH value of the reaction solution reaches to 7-7.5.
Heat Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) to emit over carbon dioxide, and then add active carbon to decolorize it for half an hour.
Do suction filtration, after filtrate gets concentrated, put Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) into flaker tray, dry it to be sheets in the drum, crush it, and then sodium benzoate is made.
Consumption rate of benzoic acid (99.5%) 1045kg/t and sodium bicarbonate (98%) 610kg/t.
2. Use 32% soda solution to neutralize benzoic acid in the pot to reach PH value of 7.5, and neutralization temperature is 70℃.
Use 0.3% active carbon to decolorize the neutralized solution, vacuum filter it, concentrate, dry Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) and then it comes to powdered sodium benzoate.
C6H5COOH+Na2CO3→C6H5COONa
3. To get Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) by toluene oxidation made benzoic acid reacting with sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.
Sodium Benzoate (Benzoic acid sodium salt) is prepared by adding benzoic acid to a hot concentrated solution of sodium carbonate until effervescence ceases.
The solution is then evaporated, cooled and allowed to crystallize or evaporate to dryness, and then granulated.
Produced by the neutralization of benzoic acid with sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.
