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CAS NO.: 2783-94-0
EC/LIST NO.: 220-491-7
Sunset yellow (FCF), a food ingredient.
Sunset yellow is a petroleum-derived orange azo dye with a pH-dependent maximum absorption at approximately 480 nm at pH 1 and 443 nm at pH 13, and a shoulder at 500 nm.
In the United States it is known as FD&C Yellow 6, while the E110 is recognized in Europe.
Sunset Yellow FCF (E110) belongs to the family of azo dyes, one of the synthetic food dyes, and is widely used in the food industry.
Sunset yellows general use is in a variety of foods, including dairy products, soft drinks, cereals, snack foods and ice creams, making them more appealing and satisfying.
Sunset yellow FCF is a food dye, which is is substantially used in various food preparations.
Sunset yellow is a orange-red coloured crystal, that is soluble in water and ethanol.
Sunset yellow is used in treating bone metabolic diseases, dermatological disorders, respiratory illness etc.
Sunset yellow can alter the functional responses of splenocytes at non-cytotoxic dose. It promotes immune suppression.
Relative expression of surface receptors in T and B cells can be altered by sunset yellow FCF.
Sunset yellow FCF is a synthetic sulfonated monoazo dye, which belongs to the class of azo dyes.
Sunset yellow is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Sunset yellow FCF is associated with asthma, immunosuppression, eczema, cancer and anxiety migraine.
Sunset Yellow is in the synthetic food dyes class.
Sunset yellow is used in limited quantities in permitted food products.
Especially in the food sector, no side effects are encountered.
If Sunset yellow is actively included in the use, Sunset yellow is also convenient to evaluate it without any problems.
SUNSET YELLOW food coloring, which is in the class of synthetic food dyes, is used in limited quantities in the products allowed in the food codex.
Sunset yellow is used in ice cream production, iced drinks, carbonated drinks when necessary, fruit soda production.
Sunset yellow is also used in the production of pastry and confectionery products, jellies, flavored beverages, sugary and low-sugar chewing gum varieties, bakery products, pastry, etc.
Apart from food, it is also used in the coloring of many products that come into contact with people, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergent products, auto care products, a very small amount of agricultural products, cleaning products, colored stones, play dough, etc.
Chemical formula: C 16 H 10 N 2 Na 2 O 7 S 2
IUPAC name: Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulphophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonate.
Molar mass: 452.36 g mol -1 .
Melting point: 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K).
Sunset Yellow FCF: Chemical Structure
Sunset yellow is in powder-granule form and has a red orange color.
When it reacts with acids, its color does not change. When tin chloride is added to Sunset yellow FCF, its color can be lightened within 2 minutes.
When a different substance, "sodium perborate" is added, the orange color of the resulting solution becomes darker.
Sunset yellow is at least 85% water soluble.
Sunset yellow, which is soluble in very little ethanol, has a maximum loss of 15% on drying.
There are different studies on Sunset yellow FCF.
E.g; In a study, Sunset yellow was observed that 4 of 0-20mg/kg Sunset yellow FCF dye given to a group of rats (rats) had mammary tumors.
Another group of rats was given 20-30 mg/kg Sunset yellow FCF and resulted in diarrhea (diarrhea), cecum (blind bowel enlargement).
In another study, when Sunset yellow FCF (E110) was injected into the air chamber at high concentration at the beginning of hatching, it was observed that it suppressed the embryonic development of chicken thymus and bursa Fabricii, which are the poultry central lymphoid organs.
Although the morphological findings obtained in this study need to be supported with functional findings, considering the increase in allergic disorders in children in recent years, it is thought that the effects of food additives and especially food dyes alone or in combination may be responsible for this increase.
Although more detailed studies on the mammalian model are needed to elucidate the subject; At least in pre-adolescent children and early pregnancy, it can be suggested that ready-made foods containing synthetic food additives and especially food dyes should not be used or their use should be strictly controlled.
Sunset yellow (SY) at prescribed concentrations has been approved by regulatory authorities in several countries as an additive dye in the food, beverage, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
However, there are some reports that it may cause several health problems.
The aim of this study is to evaluate embryotoxic effects of SY on liver and kidney in chick embryos.
Babcock white Leghorn eggs were randomly divided into four groups. Non-treated eggs served as control group.
The eggs in groups SY200, SY1000, and SY2000 were treated with a single injection of 200, 1000, and 2000 ng SY into the air sac just before incubation.
The developmental stages of embryos were determined on the 10th, 13th, 16th, and 21st days of incubation.
Samples of the liver and kidney were taken and routine histological procedures were performed.
The highest relative embryo weight was seen in all SY treated groups on the 16th day of incubation.
Necrosis of some hepatocytes and cytoplasmic degenerations were observed in all SY groups in the liver.
There were degenerated or destructed renal cortex structures and necrosis in the kidney.
The cell's nuclear areas and diameters of renal cortex structures were different in all SY groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
Sunset yellow was concluded that in ovo administered SY has many unfavorable effects on liver and kidney in chick embryos.
The results obtained in this study suggest that it may be advisable to re-assess safety levels of SY in many industries.
Appearance Physical state: Powder Colour: red, orange
Odor No data available
Odor Threshold No data available
pH No data available
Melting point/Freezing point Melting point/melting range: 300 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range 836.6 °C
Flash point No data available
Evaporation rate No data available
Flammability (solid, gas) No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosion limits No data available
Vapor pressure No data available
Vapor density No data available
Relative density 0.617 g/cm3 at 26 °C
Solubility in water 4.000 g/l at 26 °C – soluble
Partition coefficient (noniol/water) log Pow: -0.244 at 26 °C
Auto-ignition temperature No data available
Decomposition temperature No data available
Viscosity No data available
Explosive properties No data available
Oxidizing properties No data available
Sunset yellow is in powder form.
Sunset yellow has the code E110 and is also known by this code.
Sunset yellow also provides the opportunity to be evaluated in many areas of the food industry.
In this regard, it always takes shape by revealing a wide order.
Sunset yellow FCF, gıdalarda, kondomlarda, kozmetik ve ilaç sektöründe kullanılmaktadır.
Yalnız başına kullanıldığında sarı, sarı- turuncu renk verme özelliğine sahiptir.
Örneğin şekerlemelerde, tatlılarda, atıştırmalıklarda, soslarda ve konserve meyvelerde renk verme amacıyla kullanılmaktadır.
Sunset yellow FCF, hem çikolatalarda hem de karamelde genelde "Amaranth (E123)" ile kullanılmaktadır.
Sunset yellow FCF, yaz sıcaklığı, güneş ışınları gibi doğal koşullara maruz bırakıldığında rengini kaybedebilmektedir.
Orange Powder Food Coloring (Sunset Yellow) is Indian Origin, Edible Orange Powder Food Coloring
Sunset yellow is used as a colorant in the production of liquid and solid materials in the food industry.
In addition, Orange Powder Food Coloring (Sunset Yellow) has a water-soluble food coloring feature.
Sunset yellow FCF has been used to determine anaerobic biodegradability of azo dyes in the continuous and catalytic upflow stirred packed-bed reactor (USPBR) system.
Sunset yellow is a frequently preferred dye in the food industry.
Sunset yellow is also used in confectionery, ice cream, pastry making, chewing gum and some bakery products.
Sunset yellow is used in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in the food industry.
This dye is also used in some cosmetic products.
IUPAC NAME :
C.I. Food Yellow 3
disodium (5E)-6-oxo-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfononate
Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulphonatophenyl)azo]naphthalene-2-sulphonate
disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulphonatophenyl)azo]naphthalene-2-sulphonate
Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulphonatophenyl)azo]naphthalene-2-sulphonate
SYNONYMS:
220-491-7 [EINECS]
2783-94-0 [RN]
2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]-, sodium salt (1:2) [ACD/Index Name]
6-Hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfonatophényl)diazényl]-2-naphtalènesulfonate de disodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Dinatrium-6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-2-naphthalinsulfonat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-2-naphthalenesulfonate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
