TARTARIC ACID L

TARTARIC ACID L = 2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID = L-(+)-TARTARIC ACID

CAS Number: 87-69-4
EC Number: 201-766-0
MDL number: MFCD00064207
MOLECULAR FORMULA: C4H6O6 or COOH-CHOH-CHOH-COOH

Tartaric Acid L belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. 
Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.
L-Tartaric Acid is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.
L-tartaric acid is a tartaric acid. 
Tartaric Acid L is a conjugate acid of a L-tartrate(1-). 

Tartaric Acid L is an enantiomer of a D-tartaric acid.
Tartaric Acid L is a white crystalline dicarboxylic acid found in many plants, particularly tamarinds and grapes. 
Tartaric Acid L is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration. Carbon dioxide extends the stomach and provides a negative contrast medium during double contrast radiography. 
In high doses, this agent acts as a muscle toxin by inhibiting the production of malic acid, which could cause paralysis and maybe death.

Tartaric Acid L is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.
Tartaric Acid L is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.
L-Tartaric acid, or "natural" tartaric acid, is abundant in nature, especially in fruits. 
Tartaric Acid L's primary commercial source is as a byproduct of the wine industry. 
Tartaric Acid L is used as an additive in many foods, such as soft drinks, bakery products, and candies. 

Industrial uses include tanning, ceramics manufacture, and the production of tartrate esters for lacquers and textile printing.
L-Tartaric acid is a wine industry byproduct that is used as a food additive and industrial chemical. 
Tartaric Acid L is also important in the history of chemistry because Louis Pasteur, who most people think of mainly as a biologist, used Tartaric Acid L to demonstrate molecular chirality. 
Pasteur’s notebooks that described his work, however, turned up missing after his death.

Tartaric Acid L occurs as colorless monoclinic crystals, or a white or almost white crystalline powder. 
Tartaric Acid L is odorless, with an extremely tart taste.
Tartaric Acid L belongs to the group of carboxylic acids, and is abundantly found in grapes and wine. 
Tartaric Acid L is widely used in drugs, food, and beverage industry.
Tartaric acid L occurs naturally in many fruits as the free acid or in combination with calcium, magnesium, and potassium.

USES and APPLICATIONS of TARTARIC ACID L:
-Tartaric Acid L is used as a buffering agent.
-Tartaric Acid L is widely used as acidulant in beverage and other foods, such as soft drinks, candy, bread and some colloidal sweetmeats.
-With Tartaric Acid L's optical activity, Tartaric Acid L is used as chemical resolving agent. 
-With Tartaric Acid L's acidity, Tartaric Acid L is used as catalyst in the resin finishing of polyester fabric or pH value regulator in oryzanol production. 

-With Tartaric Acid L's complexation, Tartaric Acid L acid is used in electroplating, sulfur removal and acid pickling. 
-Tartaric Acid L is also used as complexing agent, screening agent or chelating agent in chemical analysis and pharmaceutical inspection, or as resist agent in dyeing.        
-With Tartaric Acid L's reduction, Tartaric Acid L is used as reductive agent in manufacturing mirror chemically or imaging agent in photography. 
-Tartaric Acid L can also complex with metal ion and can be used as cleaning agent or polishing agent of metal surface.

-L-Tartaric acid is widely utilized in pharmaceutical industries. 
-L-Tartaric acid is used in soft drinks, confectionaries, food products, gelatin desserts and as a buffering agent.
-L-Tartaric acid forms a compound, TiCl2(O-i-Pr)2 with Diels-Alder catalyst and acta as a chelate agent in metal industries. 
-Owing to L-Tartaric acid's efficient chelating property towards metal ions, L-Tartaric acid is used in farming and metal industries for complexing micronutrients and for cleaning metal surfaces, respectively.
-Present in many fruits, wines and coffee. 

-Acidulant for beverages, foods and pharmaceuticals,used to enhance natural and synthetic fruit flavours, especies in grape- and lime-flavoured drinks and candies. 
-Firming agent, humectant. 
-L-Tartaric acid is used in leavening systems including baking powders. 
-Stabiliising agent for ground spices and cheeses to prevent discoloration. 
-Chelating agent in fatty foods. 

-Synergist with antioxidants, pH control agent in milk, jams and jellies, moisture-control agent. 
-*Metatartaric* acid (a mixture of polyesters obtained by the controlled dehydration of (+)-tartaric acid, together with unchanged (+)-tartaric acid) is permitted in wine in UK Natural tartaric acid isomer . 
-L-Tartaric acid is found in many foods, some of which are coffee and coffee products, common grape, alcoholic beverages, and fruits.

-L-Tartaric Acid is a naturally occurring chemical compound found in berries, grapes and various wines. 
L-Tartaric Acid provides antioxidant properties and contributes to the sour taste within these products.
-L(+) Tartaric Acid stabilizer is a fruit acid found in nature. It is a natural high purity acid for applications in the beverage industry.
-By using stabilization products, the beverages are microbiologically and chemically/physically stabilized and their shelf life is increased.

-L-(+)-Tartaric acid may be used in the synthesis of (R,R)-1,2-diammoniumcyclohexane mono-(+)-tartrate, an intermediate to prepare an enantioselective epoxidation catalyst. 
-L-Tartaric acid may also be used as a starting material in the multi-step synthesis of 1,4-di-O-benzyl-L-threitol. 
-L-Tartaric acid can be used a chiral resolving agent for the resolution of 2,2′-bispyrrolidine.
-In the soft drink industry, confectionery products, bakery products, gelatin desserts, as an acidulant. 
 

-The common commercial esters are the diethyl and dibutyl derivatives used for lacquers and in textile printing. 
-Pharmaceutic aid (buffering agent).
-L-(+)-Tartaric acid is widely utilized in pharmaceutical industries.
-L-Tartaric acid is used in soft drinks, confectionaries, food products, gelatin desserts and as a buffering agent. 
-L-Tartaric acid forms a compound, TiCl2(O-i-Pr)2 with Diels-Alder catalyst and acta as a chelate agent in metal industries. 

-Owing to Tartaric Acid L's efficient chelating property towards metal ions, L-Tartaric acid is used in farming and metal industries for complexing micronutrients and for cleaning metal surfaces, respectively.
-Tartaric Acid L is used in beverages, confectionery, food products, and pharmaceutical formulations as an acidulant. 
-Tartaric Acid L may also be used as a sequestering agent and as an antioxidant synergist. 
-In pharmaceutical formulations, Tartaric Acid L is widely used in combination with bicarbonates, as the acid component of effervescent granules, powders, and tablets.

-Tartaric Acid L is also used to form molecular compounds (salts and cocrystals) with active pharmaceutical ingredients to improve physicochemical properties such as dissolution rate and solubility.
-L-Tartaric acid serves as a donor ligand for biological processes.
-Tartaric Acid L is used as a food additive in candies and soft drinks to impart a sour taste.
-In photography, tanning, ceramics, manufacture of tartrate.

-Commercially, L-tartaric acid is manufactured from potassium tartrate (cream of tartar), a by-product of wine making. Potassium tartrate is treated with hydrochloric acid, followed by the addition of a calcium salt to produce insoluble calcium tartrate. 
This precipitate is then removed by filtration and reacted with 70% sulfuric acid to yield tartaric acid and calcium sulfate.

ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of TARTARIC ACID L:    
-Short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives 
-Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives 
-Monosaccharides 
-Fatty acids and conjugates 
-Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives 

-Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives 
-Secondary alcohols 
-1,2-diols 
-Carboxylic acids 
-Organic oxides 
-Hydrocarbon derivatives 
-Carbonyl compounds 

SUBSTITUENTS of TARTARIC ACID L:
-Sugar acid
-Short-chain hydroxy acid
-Beta-hydroxy acid
-Fatty acid
-Monosaccharide

-Hydroxy acid
-Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
-Alpha-hydroxy acid
-Secondary alcohol
-1,2-diol
-Carboxylic acid

-Carboxylic acid derivative
-Organic oxide
-Hydrocarbon derivative
-Carbonyl group
-Alcohol
-Aliphatic acyclic compound

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of TARTARIC ACID L:
Molecular Weight: 150.09
Appearance Form: crystalline
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 1,0 - 2 at 150 g/l at 25 °C
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 170 - 172 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 179,1 °C at 1.010 hPa - (ECHA)

Flash point: 150 °C - closed cup
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas):
The product is not flammable. 
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,05 hPa at 20 °C - NF T 20-048
Vapor density: 5,18 - (Air = 1.0)
Relative density: 1,76 g/cm³ at 20 °C -
Water solubility: 150 g/l at 20 °C - completely soluble

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: -1,91 at 20 °C - OECD 
Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Autoignition temperature: 375 °C at 1.015 hPa - NF T 20-036
Decomposition temperature: > 170 °C -
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties No data available

Flash Point: 150 °C/302 °F (Lit.)
Hazard Statements: H315-H319-H335
Melting Point: 166 - 176 °C
Optical Rotation: +12 ± 5° (c=2, water)
pH: 2.2 at 25 °C (0.1 N solution)(Lit.)
pKa: pKa1 = 2.98 at 25 °C; pKa2 = 4.34 at 25 °C (Lit.)
Purity: ≥99.0%
Vapor Density    5.18 (vs air)Lit.

Solubility:
Soluble in water (115 g/100 mL at 0 °C; 126 g/100 mL at 10 °C; 
139 g/100 mL at 20 °C; 156 g/100 mL at 30 °C; 176 g/100 mL at 40 °C; 
195 g/100 mL at 50 °C; 217 g/100 mL at 60 °C; 244 g/100 mL at 70 °C; 
273 g/100 mL at 80 °C; 307 g/100 mL at 90 °C; 343 g/100 mL at 100 °C)
Methanol (1 g/1.7 mL)
Ethanol (1 g/3 mL)
Propanol (1 g/10.5 mL)
Ether (1 g/250 mL) or glycerol; 
Insoluble in chloroform.

Appearance: Powder
Physical State: Solid
Solubility: Soluble in water
Storage: Store at room temperature
Melting Point: 170-172° C (lit.)
Optical Activity: α20/D +12.4°, c = 20 in water; α20/D +12°±5°, c = 2 in water

Water Solubility: 161 g/L    
logP: -1.3    
logP: -1.8    
logS: 0.03    
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 2.72    
pKa (Strongest Basic): -4.3    
Physiological Charge: -2    
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 6    
Hydrogen Donor Count: 4    
Polar Surface Area: 115.06 Ų    
Rotatable Bond Count: 3    
Refractivity: 26.21 m³·mol⁻¹    
Polarizability: 11.33 ų

FIRST AID MEASURES of TARTARIC ACID L:
-Description of first-aid measures:
General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

*If inhaled:
After inhalation: fresh air.

*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.  
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.

-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of TARTARIC ACID L:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Ensure adequate ventilation. 
-Environmental precautions: 
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Take up dry.  
Clean up affected area. 

FIREFIGHTING MEASURES of TARTARIC ACID L:
-Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Dry powder
Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of TARTARIC ACID L:
-Control parameters:
Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
Personal protective equipment:

*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). 
Tightly fitting safety goggles.

*Skin protection:
This recommendation applies only to the product stated in the safety data sheet, supplied by us and for the designated use. 
Protective clothing. 
Protective boots, if the situation requires.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

*Body Protection:
Protective clothing.

*Hand protection: 
Protective gloves.

*Respiratory protection:
Required when dusts are generated.
Follow local and national regulations.

*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING AND STORAGE of TARTARIC ACID L:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

-Precautions for safe handling:
*Technical measures: 
Handling is performed in a well ventilated place. 
Wear suitable protectiveequipment. 
Wash hands and face thoroughlyafterhandling.

-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions: 
Keep container tightly closed. 
Store in a cool and dark place. 

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of TARTARIC ACID L:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Incompatible materials: 
No data available

SYNONYMS:
(2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid L-Threaric acid
[R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid
L-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid
ordinary tartaric acid
natural tartaric acid
d-tartaric acid
(+)-tartaric acid
dextrotartaric acid
d-α,β-dihydroxysuccinic acid
(+)-(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid
(+)-(R,R)-tartaric acid
(+)-L-tartaric acid
(+)-tartaric acid
(2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid
(+)-(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid    
(+)-(R,R)-Tartarate    
(+)-(R,R)-Tartaric acid    
(+)-(r,r)-tartaric acid    
(+)-L-Tartarate    
(+)-L-Tartaric acid    
(+)-l-tartaric acid    
(+)-Tartarate    
(+)-Tartaric acid