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Tricalcium citrate, a naturally occurring chemical in most plants and animals, is the calcium salt derived from citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is present in foods which have naturally occurring citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is used as a calcium supplement and may be used to treat conditions caused by low calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease.
CAS Number: 813-94-5
Molecular Formula: C12H10Ca3O14
Molecular Weight: 498.43
EINECS Number: 212-391-7
Synonyms: Calcium citrate, 813-94-5, Tricalcium dicitrate, Acicontral, TRICALCIUM CITRATE, Calcitrate, Calcium citrate, tribasic, Calcium Citrate anhydrous, 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt (2:3), Calcium 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (3:2), INS NO.333(III), INS-333(III), 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid calcium salt (2:3), 7693-13-2, 86117BWO7P, E-333(III), tricalcium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, Calcimax, tricalcium citrate tetrahydrate, Citrical, Calcium (as citrate), Tribasic calcium citrate, Calcium citrate [USAN], Tricalcium dicitrate tetrahydrate, 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt, HSDB 5756, Citric acid, calcium salt (2:3), EINECS 212-391-7, UNII-86117BWO7P, calcium citrate tribasic, EC 212-391-7, tricalcium bis(citric acid), CALCIUM CITRATE [MI], CALCIUM CITRATE [HSDB], calcium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (3:2), CHEMBL2106123, DTXSID7061148, CALCIUM CITRATE [WHO-DD], citric acid calcium salt (2:3), CHEBI:190513, FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H, AKOS015839590, DB11093, NS00079735, Q420280, calcium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (3/2), tricalcium bis(2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid), 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylicacid,2-hydroxy-,calciumsalt(2:3);2,3-propanetricarboxylicacid,2-hydroxy-calciumsalt(2:3);acicontral;citricacid,calciumsalt(2:3);Calsium citrate;supply good quality calcium citrate;citrical;tribasiccalciumcitrate
Tricalcium citrate may be chemopreventive for colon and other cancers.
Tricalcium citrate is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, and as a nutrient, sequestrant, buffer, antioxidant, firming agent, acidity regulator (in jams and jellies, soft drinks and wines), as a raising agent and an emulsifying salt.
It is also used to improve the baking properties of flours and as a stabilizer.
Tricalcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is commonly used as a food additive (E333), usually as a preservative, but sometimes for flavor.
In this sense, it is similar to sodium citrate.
Tricalcium citrate is also used as a water softener because the citrate ions can chelate unwanted metal ions.
Tricalcium citrate is also found in some dietary calcium supplements (e.g. Citracal).
Tricalcium citrate makes up 21% of calcium citrate by weight.
Tricalcium citrate is an intermediate in the isolation of citric acid from the fermentation process by which citric acid is produced industrially.
The citric acid in the broth solution is neutralized by calcium hydroxide, precipitating insoluble calcium citrate.
This is then filtered off from the rest of the broth and washed to give clean calcium citrate.
The Tricalcium citrate thus produced may be sold as-is, or it may be converted to citric acid using dilute sulfuric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is an organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio.
It has a role as a nutraceutical, a food additive, a food preservative and a flavouring agent.
Tricalcium citrate contains a citrate(3-).
Tricalcium citrate is supplied as a white, odourless, crystalline powder or ne powder.
Tricalcium citrate is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in diluted hydrochloric acid.
In contrary to other salts, tricalcium citrate is better soluble at lower temperatures (so-called "inverse solubility").
Tricalcium citrate is practically insoluble in alcohol.
During heat treatment, Tricalcium citrate is less reactive than other calcium salts due to its inverse solubility.
With regard to its signicantly better bioavailability, tricalcium citrate is preferred over inorganic calcium sources such as calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate.
Tricalcium citrate is a chemical compound that is often used as a calcium supplement and in various industrial applications.
It is a calcium salt of citric acid, consisting of three calcium ions bound to a citrate molecule, which makes it highly bioavailable.
Tricalcium citrate is commonly used in food and beverages, particularly in fortified products, as it helps to provide an easily absorbable form of calcium for those who need additional calcium in their diet.
It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as an ingredient in some medications and dietary supplements aimed at supporting bone health.
Tricalcium citrate can be found in various forms, including as a crystalline powder, and is often used in the production of certain food products, such as dairy alternatives and beverages, to increase their calcium content.
Tricalcium citrate also has applications in the cosmetic and cleaning industries, where it is utilized as a stabilizer or to improve the texture and consistency of certain formulations.
Tricalcium citrate is a food additive that is included in Table 3, and as such may be used in the following foods under the conditions of good manufacturing practices (GMP) as outlined in the Preamble of the Codex GSFA.
Although not listed below, Tricalcium citrate could also be used in heat-treated butter milk of food category 01.1.1 and spices of food category 12.2.1.
Note that food categories listed in the Annex to Table 3 were excluded accordingly.
Tricalcium citrate is acceptable in foods conforming to the following commodity standards:
Tricalcium citrate was characterized as a tableting excipient for direct compression (DC) and dry granulation (DG).
The most commonly used calcium salt of citric acid is tricalcium dicitrate tetrahydrate, hereinafter referred to as tricalcium citrate.
Produced by complete neutralization of citric acid with a high purity calcium source such as calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate.
Used as a cleaning agent in dentifrices.
Tricalcium citrate, also referred to as tricalcium dicitrate tetrahydrate, is produced by neutralizing citric acid with a high quality calcium source such as calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide.
Tricalcium citrate is the most commonly used calcium salt of citric acid.
Globally, development of ecient and advanced technology, rising awareness for health, nutrition and food safety, ourishing agriculture industry, growth in end user industries such as, food & beverage and healthcare and advantageous properties of tricalcium citrate such as, better compressibility, and low reactivity compared to other calcium salts are the prime growth drivers of the tricalcium citrate market.
In addition, increase in adoption of Tricalcium citrate for application in new industrial verticals, and emerging economies such as China, India and others, will create new opportunities for the tricalcium citrate market.
However, volatile prices and availability of raw materials, availability of substitute compounds, and higher cost of tricalcium citrate as compared to conventional calcium salts are the key restraints for the tricalcium citrate market.
Tricalcium citrate anhydrous is also named tricalcium citrate anhydrous.
Tricalcium citrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is manufactured from tricalcium citrate tetrahydrate.
Water molecules of the tetrahydrate crystals are removed by a patented process without destroying the original crystal matrix.
Tricalcium citrate occurs as colorless crystalline powder.
Tricalcium citrate is insoluble in water and practically soluble in acid.
Tricalcium citrate anhydrous is used as chelating agent,buering agent,tissue coagulator,calcium fortier and emulsifying salt.
The absorption eect is more superior than inorganic calcium when it’s used as food calcium enhancer.
And Tricalcium citrate can be made chewable tablet,granule,capsule and oral liquid in pharmaceutical because it can be easier absorbed by the body than the calcium carbonate.
Calcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is widely used as a preservative or for flavour.
It is also used in dietary supplements.
The most commonly used calcium salt of citric acid is tricalcium dicitrate tetrahydrate, hereinafter referred to as tricalcium citrate.
Produced by complete neutralization of citric acid with a high purity calcium source such as calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate. Used as a cleaning agent in dentifrices.
Tricalcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid.
It is commonly used as a food additive (E333), usually as a preservative, but sometimes for flavor.
In this sense, it is similar to sodium citrate.
Tricalcium citrate is also found in some dietary calcium supplements (e.g. Citracal or Caltrate).
Tricalcium citrate makes up 24.1% of calcium citrate (anhydrous) and 21.1% of calcium citrate (tetrahydrate) by mass.
The tetrahydrate occurs in nature as the mineral Earlandite.
Tricalcium citrate is a salt typically used as a source of calcium in a variety of over the counter supplements.
A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent.
The most commonly used calcium salt of citric acid is tricalcium dicitrate tetrahydrate, hereinafter referred to as tricalcium citrate.
In some countries such as USA, tricalcium citrate is simply denominated calcium citrate.
Tricalcium citrate is produced by complete neutralisation of citric acid with a high purity calcium source such as calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate.
With its high calcium content of 21%, tricalcium citrate is the most economic calcium salt among the commonly used organic calcium salts.
Tricalcium citrate is supplied as a white, odourless, crystalline powder or fine powder.
It is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in diluted hydrochloric acid.
In contrary to other salts, tricalcium citrate is better soluble at lower temperatures (so-called "inverse solubility").
Tricalcium citrate is practically insoluble in alcohol.
solubility: 0.1 M HCl: 0.01 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: -1.721 (est)
Tricalcium citrate is sparingly soluble in water. Needle-shaped crystals of tricalcium dicitrate tetrahydrate [Ca3(C6H5O7)2(H2O)2]·2H2O were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis.
The crystal structure comprises a three-dimensional network in which eightfold coordinated Ca2+ cations are linked by citrate anions and hydrogen bonds between two non-coordinating crystal water molecules and two coordinating water molecules.
In many individuals, bioavailability of calcium citrate is found to be equal to that of the cheaper calcium carbonate.
However, alterations to the digestive tract may change how calcium is digested and absorbed.
Unlike calcium carbonate, which is basic and neutralizes stomach acid, calcium citrate has no effect on stomach acid.
Individuals who are sensitive to antacids or who have difficulty producing adequate stomach acid should choose calcium citrate over calcium carbonate for supplementation.
According to recent research into calcium absorption after gastric bypass surgery, Tricalcium citrate may have improved bioavailability over calcium carbonate in Rouxen- Y gastric bypass patients who are taking calcium citrate as a dietary supplement after surgery.
This is mainly due to the changes related to where calcium absorption occurs in the digestive tract of these individuals.
Tricalcium citrate is an intermediate in the isolation of citric acid from the fungal fermentation process by which citric acid is produced industrially.
The citric acid in the broth solution is neutralized by limewater, precipitating insoluble calcium citrate.
This is then filtered off from the rest of the broth and washed to give clean calcium citrate.
3 Ca(OH)2(s) + 2 C6H8O7(l) → Ca3(C6H5O7)2(s) + 6 H2O(l)
The cTricalcium citrate thus produced may be sold as-is, or it may be converted to citric acid using dilute sulfuric acid.
Tricalcium citrate are typically sold in the form of calcium carbonate or calcium citrate.
Tricalcium citrate is a calcium salt that's easier to absorb but less potent than calcium carbonate.
For anyone who takes heartburn medication or has digestive issues, Tricalcium citrate is often the better choice, since stomach acid isn't required for absorption.
Tricalcium citratee is safe for most people when not taken in excess of 2,500 milligrams per day.
Tricalcium citrate's available over the counter and typically recommended in multiple doses (of 500 milligrams or less) that add up to 1,200 to 1,500 milligrams a day.
Tricalcium citrate can be taken on a full or empty stomach at any time of the day.
Tricalcium citrate has the chemical formula of Na3C6H5O7.
Tricalcium citrate is sometimes referred to simply as "sodium citrate", though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate possesses a saline, mildly tart avor, and is a mild alkali.
Tricalcium citrate may be used to treat conditions caused by low calcium levels such as bone loss (osteoporosis), weak bones (osteomalacia/rickets), decreased activity of the parathyroid gland (hypoparathyroidism), and a certain muscle disease (latent tetany).
Tricalcium citrate TB is a tricalcium citrate tetrahydrate designed to function as a direct compression excipient.
Tricalcium citrate combines exceptional compression characteristics, good owability and good tolerability.
Tricalcium citrate with special crystal structure leading to exceptional owability
Enables production of hard tablets even at low compression forces, Displays excellent disintegration properties.
Calcium in citrate form with good tolerability and compatibility One of the special salts produced by our partner Jungbunzlauer, Tricalcium Citrate is a ne white odorless powder with high calcium content (21%).
This ingredient has a neutral taste and high bio-availability.
Due to its superior technological and nutritional properties, Tricalcium Citrate can be used for mineral enrichment in food, beverages, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products.
Tricalcium citrate TB is a tricalcium citrate tetrahydrate designed to function as ller or diluent.
Tricalcium citrate is suitable for usage in direct compression.
Tricalcium citrate combines exceptional compression characteristics, excellent owability and good tolerability.
Tricalcium citrate TB is produced in a unique production process, which creates the special crystalline structure responsible for its outstanding characteristics.
This makes it the ideal choice for a direct compression excipient.
Download this free whitepaper to nd out more including Tricalcium citrate TB's properties, manufacturing, particle size distribution, and compression behaviour.
Tricalcium Citrate has high calcium content of 21%, and is the most commonly used calcium salt of citric acid.
Tricalcium citrate is odorless, crystalline powder and is slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in diluted hydrochloric acid.
In many individuals, bioavailability of calcium citrate is found to be equal to that of the cheaper calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
However, alterations to the digestive tract may change how calcium is digested and absorbed. Unlike calcium carbonate, which is basic and neutralizes stomach acid, calcium citrate has no effect on stomach acid.
Tricalcium citrate is harder to digest than calcium citrate, and calcium carbonate carries a risk of "acid rebound" (the stomach overcompensates by producing more acid), so individuals who are sensitive to antacids or who have difficulty producing adequate stomach acid may choose calcium citrate over calcium carbonate for supplementation.
According to a 2009 research into calcium absorption after gastric bypass surgery, Tricalcium citrate may have improved bioavailability over calcium carbonate in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients who are taking calcium citrate as a dietary supplement after surgery.
This is mainly due to the changes related to where calcium absorption occurs in the digestive tract of these individuals.
Uses:
Tricalcium citrate is more easily absorbed (bioavailability is 2.5 times higher than calcium carbonate); it is easier to digest and less likely to cause constipation and gas than calcium carbonate.
Tricalcium citrate can be taken without food and is more easily absorbed than calcium carbonate on an empty stomach.
It is also believed that it contributes less to the formation of kidney stones.
Tricalcium citrate consists of around 24% Ca2+, which means that 1000 mg calcium citrate contains around 240 mg Ca2+.
The lower Ca2+ content together with the higher price makes it a more expensive treatment option compared to calcium carbonate, but its slightly different application field can justify this.
One of the most common uses of tricalcium citrate is as a dietary supplement.
Tricalcium citrate is a highly bioavailable form of calcium, which means it is easily absorbed by the body, making it ideal for individuals who need to boost their calcium intake.
It is commonly found in over-the-counter calcium supplements, particularly for people with calcium deficiencies, such as those suffering from osteoporosis, osteopenia, or other conditions affecting bone health.
Tricalcium citrate is often recommended because it is less likely to cause stomach upset compared to other calcium salts, like calcium carbonate.
Tricalcium citrate is widely used in the food and beverage industry to fortify products with additional calcium.
It is commonly found in dairy alternatives such as plant-based milk (like almond, soy, or oat milk), fortified juices, and other processed foods that require an added calcium source.
This fortification is particularly beneficial for individuals who do not consume dairy products or have dietary restrictions that prevent them from getting sufficient calcium.
Tricalcium citrate can also be used in breakfast cereals, nutritional bars, and other foods aimed at enhancing their calcium content to support bone health and prevent conditions like rickets or osteoporosis.
Tricalcium citrate plays a role in the pharmaceutical industry, where it is included in medications or supplements designed to promote bone health and manage calcium deficiencies.
It is often used in the production of multivitamins or supplements aimed at improving calcium intake, particularly for postmenopausal women, elderly individuals, or people with conditions like hypocalcemia.
Tricalcium citrate is also used in some effervescent tablets that dissolve in water for easier consumption.
Tricalcium citrate is utilized in the cosmetic industry, where it serves as an ingredient in various formulations such as skin creams, lotions, and facial masks.
It is known to act as a stabilizer or a pH regulator, helping to maintain the desired texture, consistency, and shelf life of cosmetic products.
Tricalcium citrate may also be used in formulations for hair care products, where it helps in stabilizing formulas or reducing the effects of hard water minerals on the hair and scalp.
In the industrial sector, tricalcium citrate is used in certain cleaning products, particularly in formulations designed to remove limescale, calcium deposits, or mineral buildup.
It serves as a chelating agent, binding to metals like calcium and magnesium, which helps to break down hard water deposits.
Tricalcium citrate can be used in products like dishwashers, cleaning agents for pipes, and laundry detergents to soften water or reduce mineral buildup.
Tricalcium citrate is also employed in the agricultural sector, primarily as a soil conditioner or a component of fertilizers.
It helps in regulating the calcium levels in the soil, which is important for plant growth, particularly for crops like tomatoes, peppers, and beans, which require higher calcium content.
Additionally, in veterinary medicine, Tricalcium citrate can be used as a calcium supplement for animals, especially for dairy cows or livestock that might be at risk for calcium deficiency, such as in the case of milk fever in cows.
Tricalcium citrate can also be used in food processing as a preservative or a stabilizing agent.
Tricalcium citrate is sometimes used in the preparation of certain cheeses or dairy-based products, where it helps to maintain texture and consistency.
Additionally, Tricalcium citrate is sometimes used in the production of jams, jellies, or canned foods, where it can aid in maintaining the firmness of fruits and vegetables and preventing spoilage.
Tricalcium citrate is commonly included in effervescent formulations due to its solubility.
In effervescent tablets or powders, it reacts with citric acid to produce bubbles, which not only helps the product dissolve in water more easily but also creates a more pleasant drinking experience.
This is particularly useful for calcium supplements and other health-related products.
Tricalcium citrate is frequently studied in medical and nutritional research related to bone health.
Its high bioavailability makes it a common subject of studies focused on calcium absorption and bone density preservation.
Clinical trials often explore the effects of tricalcium citrate supplementation in preventing or managing osteoporosis, calcium deficiency, and other skeletal disorders.
Some studies have suggested that calcium, including Tricalcium citrate, may play a role in fat metabolism and weight management.
Tricalcium citrate is thought that calcium may bind to small amounts of dietary fat and prevent its absorption, which could be useful for people looking to control or reduce their body fat levels.
As a result, tricalcium citrate is sometimes included in weight management supplements or dietary products targeted at those seeking to lose weight or manage their fat intake.
Tricalcium citrate has potential applications in dental health, particularly in products aimed at strengthening teeth and preventing tooth decay.
It may be used in toothpaste, mouth rinses, or dental creams, where it helps to remineralize enamel and support the overall strength and health of teeth.
Its role as a source of calcium makes it beneficial for improving oral health and preventing conditions like tooth enamel erosion, cavities, and gum disease.
In the field of sports nutrition, tricalcium citrate is often used in supplements designed to support muscle function, performance, and recovery.
Calcium is vital for muscle contraction and nerve signaling, and having an adequate supply can help athletes maintain peak performance and prevent muscle cramps or spasms.
Tricalcium citrate is a preferred calcium source in sports supplements due to its high bioavailability, making it an ideal ingredient for energy drinks, protein powders, and recovery formulas.
In addition to supporting bone health, tricalcium citrate may be used in specialized medical products aimed at promoting bone healing after fractures or surgeries.
In some cases, Tricalcium citrate is incorporated into formulations for bone regeneration, especially in patients recovering from orthopedic procedures.
Calcium plays a key role in bone mineralization, and tricalcium citrate provides a readily absorbed source of this essential mineral, which may aid in the healing process.
While not as widely known for this application, some research has suggested that calcium compounds like tricalcium citrate may have antioxidant properties, which can help protect the body from oxidative stress.
These properties can contribute to reducing the risk of chronic diseases related to oxidative damage, such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.
The antioxidant effect may also benefit skin health and aging, where calcium plays a role in maintaining cell structure and preventing skin damage caused by free radicals.
In food manufacturing, tricalcium citrate is sometimes used to alter the texture of certain products.
Tricalcium citrate can act as a gelling agent or a stabilizer in products like jelly, gummy candies, or gummy supplements.
By interacting with pectin or other gelling agents, tricalcium citrate can help create the desired texture and firmness in these food items.
Additionally, its ability to regulate acidity levels can influence the overall texture and consistency of food products like soft drinks or fruit-based snacks.
Tricalcium citrate is being investigated for its potential role in the production of biodegradable plastics.
As the world looks for environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional plastics, tricalcium citrate may be used in the creation of bio-based plastics, which are more sustainable and have a lower environmental impact.
By incorporating calcium-based compounds into plastic polymers, manufacturers can create materials that break down more easily in the environment, reducing long-term waste.
In the agricultural sector, tricalcium citrate is sometimes added to animal feed, particularly for poultry and livestock.
Tricalcium citrate serves as a supplementary source of calcium for animals, supporting bone development, growth, and overall health.
Tricalcium citrate is vital for the development of strong bones in young animals and the maintenance of bone strength in adult animals, particularly in laying hens, which require additional calcium for eggshell production.
Tricalcium citrate is also a good option for fortifying animal feed because it is highly digestible and less likely to cause digestive issues compared to other calcium sources.
In agriculture, the addition of calcium to the soil is essential for optimal plant growth, and tricalcium citrate can be used as a fertilizer additive.
It helps to improve soil structure and promotes the development of strong plant roots.
By adjusting the calcium content in soil, tricalcium citrate supports plant health, particularly in crops that are sensitive to calcium deficiency.
Tricalcium citrate can also reduce the incidence of blossom end rot in tomatoes and peppers, a common problem caused by inadequate calcium in the soil.
Tricalcium citrate can be used in water softening applications, where it helps to reduce the hardness of water caused by high levels of calcium and magnesium.
In industrial water treatment processes, tricalcium citrate can act as a chelating agent that binds to calcium ions and prevents the formation of scale or deposits in pipes and equipment.
This helps improve the efficiency of industrial systems and extend the lifespan of machinery and pipes by preventing the buildup of harmful mineral deposits.
In certain cases, Tricalcium citrate is used to help preserve the freshness of food and beverages.
Tricalcium citrate can act as a preservative in canned foods, particularly fruits and vegetables, by maintaining their texture, color, and overall quality.
In this context, tricalcium citrate helps prevent the loss of calcium during the preservation process and contributes to the long-term storage stability of the products.
Its ability to regulate acidity and prevent enzymatic browning also helps preserve the flavor and appearance of the food.
Tricalcium citrate’s applications are diverse, making it an important compound across various industries.
Its role in supporting calcium intake for bone health is well-established, but its uses also extend into food fortification, pharmaceuticals, personal care, and even industrial processes.
Whether as a dietary supplement or a stabilizing agent in cosmetics, tricalcium citrate serves multiple purposes, making it a valuable compound in modern manufacturing and health maintenance.
Safety Profile:
Excessive intake of Tricalcium citrate or calcium supplements, in general, can lead to calcium toxicity, also known as hypercalcemia.
Symptoms of hypercalcemia include nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, confusion, fatigue, and kidney stones.
Overconsumption can also affect the absorption of other essential minerals, like magnesium and zinc, leading to imbalances.
To avoid excessive intake, it's essential to follow recommended dosages for calcium supplementation and not exceed the advised amount, especially if already consuming other calcium-rich foods or supplements.
Long-term or excessive calcium intake, including from tricalcium citrate, can contribute to the formation of kidney stones, especially in individuals who are predisposed to this condition.
Calcium, when not absorbed properly by the body, can bind with oxalates in the urine, forming calcium oxalate stones.
People with a history of kidney stones or kidney disease should consult their healthcare provider before taking calcium supplements, including tricalcium citrate.
High doses of tricalcium citrate may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, such as constipation, bloating, or gas.
This can be particularly problematic in individuals who are sensitive to calcium salts or who take large amounts over a prolonged period.
Tricalcium citrate is advisable to lower the dosage, consume the supplement with food, or opt for a different form of calcium supplement that may be gentler on the stomach.
