PRODUCTS

TRICHLOROSUCROSE

Trichlorosucrose, a semisynthetic sweetener derived from sucrose, undergoes a chemical alteration where chlorine atoms replace three hydroxyl groups at the 4′-, 1′-, and 6′- positions, aimed at enhancing its sweetening potency.
Trichlorosucrose is frequently used as a sugar substitute in cooking and baking.
Although Trichlorosucrose is calorie-free, it contains dextrose (glucose) and maltodextrin, resulting in a calorie content of 3.36 calories per gram.

CAS Number: 56038-13-2
EC Number: 259-952-2
Chemical formula: C12H19Cl3O8
Molar mass: 397.64 g/mol

Synonyms: Equal, Nutrasweet, Sucralose, Sweet'N Low, aspartame, calcium cyclamate, cyclamates, saccharin, sodium cyclamate, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy}-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydro-2-furanyl]oxy}-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol, 1,6-Dichlor-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chlor-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-Dichlor-1,6-didesoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chlor-4-desoxy-α-D-galactopyranosid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside [ACD/IUPAC Name], 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, 259-952-2 [EINECS], 4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxygalacto-sucrose, 4-Chloro-4-désoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside de 1,6-dichloro-1,6-didésoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 56038-13-2 [RN], a-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-, E955, MFCD03648615, splenda [Trade name], Sucralose [Wiki], trichlorosucrose, α-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy- [ACD/Index Name], (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-(((2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-oxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-methylol-tetrahydropyran-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-Bis[chloro(dideuterio)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-[dideuterio(hydroxy)methyl]oxane-3,4-diol, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-tetrahydrofuranyl]oxy]-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4-diol, [56038-13-2] [RN], 1',4,6'-Trichlorogalactosucrose, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-?-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-?-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galacotopyranoside, 1459161-55-7 [RN], 4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-galacto-sucrose, 4,1',6'-Trichlorogalactosucrose, 40J, 513-29-1 [RN], EINECS 259-952-2, MFCD11100146 [MDL number], Pharmakon1600-01505953, QA-6411, Sucralose [BAN], Sucralose granular, Sucralose powder, sucralose, ???, SUCRALOSE-D6, Sucrose [Wiki], TGS, TL8003643, 三氯蔗糖 [Chinese], Sucralose, 56038-13-2, Trichlorosucrose, Splenda, Aspasvit, Acucar Light, Trichlorogalacto-sucrose, EINECS 259-952-2, 1',4,6'-Trichlorogalactosucrose, UNII-96K6UQ3ZD4, 96K6UQ3ZD4, Sucrazit, Trichlorogalactosucrose, CHEBI:32159, BRN 3654410, Sansweet su 100, CCRIS 8449, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, DTXSID1040245, HSDB 7964, San sweet sa 8020, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, NSC-759272, INS NO.955, CHEMBL3185084, DTXCID9020245, INS-955, alpha-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-, NSC 759272, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol, 4,1',6'-trichlorogalactosucrose, SUCRALOSE (II), SUCRALOSE [II], 1',4',6'-TRICHLORO-GALACTOSUCROSE, E-955, SUCRALOSE (MART.), SUCRALOSE [MART.], SUCRALOSE (USP-RS), SUCRALOSE [USP-RS], (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-(((2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol, .alpha.-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-.beta.-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-, SUCRALOSE (EP MONOGRAPH), SUCRALOSE [EP MONOGRAPH], 4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-galacto-sucrose, E955;Trichlorosucrose, CAS-56038-13-2, Sucralose [BAN:NF], 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactose, E955, Sucralose; 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-d-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside, SUCRALOSE [FCC], SUCRALOSE [MI], SUCRALOSE [INCI], SCHEMBL3686, SUCRALOSE [WHO-DD], Sucralose, analytical standard, HMS2093H16, Pharmakon1600-01505953, HY-N0614, Sucralose, >=98.0% (HPLC), Tox21_113658, Tox21_201752, Tox21_303425, BDBM50367128, NSC759272, s4214, AKOS015962432, CCG-213995, CS-8130, NCGC00249110-01, NCGC00249110-03, NCGC00249110-04, NCGC00257400-01, NCGC00259301-01, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4-diol, 1-(1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl)-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, SBI-0206860.P001, Sucralose 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, 1',4',6'-Trideoxy-trichloro-galactosucrose, A22902, AB01563242_01, AB01563242_02, Q410209, SR-05000001935, SR-05000001935-1, W-203112, BRD-K58968598-001-03-6, Sucralose, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Sucralose, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Sucralose, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside, a-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-fructofuranosyl4-chloro-4-deoxy-, (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-((2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yloxy)-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol, 1',6'-dichloro-1',6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-.beta.-d-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-.alpha.-d-galactopyranoside, 40J

Trichlorosucrose is an artificial sweetener and sugar substitute.
The majority of ingested Trichlorosucrose is not metabolized by the body, making it noncaloric.
In the European Union, Trichlorosucrose is also known by the E number E955.

Trichlorosucrose is a semi-synthetic sweetener resulting from the chemical modification of sucrose by replacing three hydroxyl groups on sucrose with chlorine atoms (at the 4′-, 1′-, and 6′- positions), enhancing its sweetening power.

Produced by chlorination of sucrose, Trichlorosucrose selectively replaces three hydroxy groups at the C1, C4, and C6 positions to yield a 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose–4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose disaccharide.
Trichlorosucrose is approximately 320 to 1,000 times sweeter than sucrose, three times as sweet as both aspartame and acesulfame potassium, and twice as sweet as sodium saccharin.
However, evidence regarding long-term weight loss benefits is lacking, with some data indicating potential risks of weight gain and heart disease.

While Trichlorosucrose is generally considered stable and safe for use at elevated temperatures, such as in baked goods, there is evidence suggesting that it may begin to degrade at temperatures exceeding 119 degrees Celsius.
The commercial success of Trichlorosucrose-based products is attributed to its favorable comparison with other low-calorie sweeteners in terms of taste, stability, and safety.

Canderel Yellow also contains Trichlorosucrose, whereas the original Canderel and Green Canderel do not.
Trichlorosucrose is a zero-calorie artificial sweetener, primarily derived from sugar through a multi-step chemical process in which three hydrogen-oxygen groups are replaced with chlorine atoms.

Discovered in 1976, Trichlorosucrose was stumbled upon by a scientist at a British institution who misinterpreted instructions about testing a substance and accidentally tasted Trichlorosucrose, recognizing its high sweetness.
Widely used as a sugar substitute in cooking and baking, Trichlorosucrose is also added to numerous food products globally.

While Trichlorosucrose is calorie-free, it contains the carbohydrates dextrose (glucose) and maltodextrin, which raise the calorie content to 3.36 calories per gram.
However, the contribution of Trichlorosucrose to overall caloric and carbohydrate intake is negligible due to its minimal usage.

Trichlorosucrose, 400–700 times sweeter than sugar and lacking the bitter aftertaste common in other popular sweeteners, is considered heat-resistant and suitable for cooking and baking.
However, recent studies have raised concerns about its stability at high temperatures, where Trichlorosucrose may begin to degrade and interact with other ingredients.

Marketedin yellow packets as Trichlorosucrose, this artificial sweetener distinguishes itself from others like aspartame and saccharin by being derived from real sugar, resulting in a taste generally preferred over other artificial sweeteners.
Chemically altered to be approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar with virtually no calories, Trichlorosucrose does not leave a lingering aftertaste, making it ideal for use in various foods and beverages.

Beyond taste modification, Trichlorosucrose is engineered to pass through the body rather than be stored as energy, contributing to its near-zero calorie content.
Since its introduction about 20 years ago, Trichlorosucrose has gained popularity as a means to enjoy sweet treats with fewer calories, particularly benefiting individuals with diabetes who must monitor sugar intake to prevent blood sugar spikes.

Trichlorosucrose is a high-intensity sweetener created chemically from sugar (sucrose), approved by Canada in 1993 and by the EU in 2004.
With an E number of 955, Trichlorosucrose's systematic name is 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside.

Found in over 4,000 foods and popular in the sports industry for its zero-calorie content, Trichlorosucrose is largely excreted from the body, with only a small portion processed by the kidneys.
Trichlorosucrose is a nonnutritive, zero-calorie artificial sweetener, approximately 600 times sweeter than sucrose, derived from sucrose through chlorination.

Approved by the FDA in 1998 for use in various food products, Trichlorosucrose remains stable under different conditions, including heating, allowing its application in baked goods and other heated products.
This comprehensive review covers Trichlorosucrose's physical, analytical, and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) profiles, including synthesis methods and nutritional aspects relevant to obesity and diabetes.

Trichlorosucrose, also known as Trichlorosucrose, is a laboratory-created chemical designed as a zero-calorie sugar alternative, closely mimicking sugar's taste without the caloric content.
Available in various Trichlorosucrose sugar substitute products, Trichlorosucrose is also incorporated into certain diet sodas, yogurts, and breakfast cereals, boasting heat stability for cooking and baking applications.

Derived from sugar molecules through chemical modification, Trichlorosucrose is believed to be a safer and healthier option than other artificial sweeteners like aspartame, though long-term usage should be monitored due to potential health impacts.
While Trichlorosucrose and other artificial sweeteners may aid in sugar reduction efforts and initial weight loss, their long-term effects on health and weight management remain subject to ongoing research and debate.

Trichlorosucrose and the microbiome:
Your gut is home to an entire community of helpful bacteria.
The microbiome has several important jobs, including helping with digestion and aiding your immune system.
But some studies have found that Trichlorosucrose might not be so great for those tiny helpers.

Research in rodents shows that Trichlorosucrose upsets the microbiome balance, and that can lead to increased inflammation.

“We know long-term inflammation can contribute to a variety of problems, including obesity and diabetes,” says Patton.
“But we need more data to find out if Trichlorosucrose causes the same changes in human microbiomes as Trichlorosucrose does in animals.”

Trichlorosucrose and blood sugar:
When you eat a sugary treat, your body produces the hormone insulin to help stabilize the sugar in your blood.
People thought that artificial sweeteners wouldn’t have the same effect.
That makes sugar-free sweeteners popular among people with diabetes, who need to monitor blood sugar levels closely.

But exactly how Trichlorosucrose affects blood sugar and insulin levels is an open question.
Some research suggests Trichlorosucrose doesn’t raise blood sugar and insulin levels in healthy people.
But at least one study found that in people with obesity who didn’t normally eat artificial sweeteners, Trichlorosucrose could raise both blood sugar and insulin levels.

Trichlorosucrose and gut health:
Your gastrointestinal tract (GI), or microbiome, is home to lots of different kinds of helpful bacteria.
These bacteria help your body to maintain a healthy immune system.
Some studies have shown that Trichlorosucrose can change your gut microbiome by lowering the number of good bacteria by half.

Research done on animals shows that Trichlorosucrose can also increase inflammation in the body.
Over time, inflammation can lead to problems like obesity and diabetes.
Since these studies have only been done on rodents, more research needs to be done to understand how humans can be affected by Trichlorosucrose.

Trichlorosucrose and Sugar:
Compared to sugar, Trichlorosucrose sweetener is significantly lower in calories, but 600 times sweeter in taste; Trichlorosucrose contains 0 calories vs. approximately 16 calories per teaspoon of table sugar.
Therefore, Trichlorosucrose can help keep your calorie intake low and is seen as the superior option for those wanting to lose weight.

Additionally, unlike sugar, Trichlorosucrose and artificial sweeteners in general don’t cause dental cavities.
Refined sugars, such as regular table sugar, are fermented by bacteria in the mouth, known as the oral microbiome, which results in the production of acid that erodes the enamel surface of the tooth, causing decay.
However, artificial sweeteners, including Trichlorosucrose, are not fermented by oral bacteria, meaning they do not contribute to tooth decay.

Furthermore, Trichlorosucrose doesn’t cause the same spike in blood glucose levels you get with sugar.
This makes Trichlorosucrose a great alternative to sugar for individuals with diabetes because Trichlorosucrose enables them to control their blood sugar levels that bit better.

However, in comparison to ‘natural’ sugars (e.g. honey, maple syrup, molasses and agave), although significantly higher in calories, they contain many other nutritional and health benefits that simply aren’t found in artificial sweeteners.

For instance, raw honey has natural anti-microbial and anti-viral properties to help support a healthy immune system.
Trichlorosucrose’s also a rich source of prebiotic fibres that help promote the growth of friendly gut bacteria, rather than negatively impacting your gut microbiome in the way artificial sweeteners do.

Similarly, good quality pure maple syrup (ideally B grade+), although higher in calories than Trichlorosucrose, is rich in a range of antioxidants that help to protect our cells from free radical damage and reduce inflammation within the body.
Maple syrup also provides a good source of potassium, magnesium, zinc and manganese, minerals that aren’t found in artificial sweeteners.

Therefore, although natural sweeteners are higher in calories, they can provide extra nutrients and health benefits that simply aren’t present in artificial sweeteners.

Also known as 1',4,6'-trichlorogalactosucrose, Sucralose, or brand name Trichlorosucrose with a molecular formula of C12H19Cl3O8, Trichlorosucrose is about 600 times sweeter than sugar.
Trichlorosucrose is a low-calorie sweetening agent used in beverages, foods, medications.

High-intensity sweeteners are commonly used as sugar substitutes or sugar alternatives because they are many times sweeter than sugar but contribute only a few to no calories when added to foods.
High-intensity sweeteners, like all other ingredients added to food in the United States, must be safe for consumption.

The starting material for the synthesis of Trichlorosucrose is sucrose (sugar), but then the structure is synthetically altered to achieve the Trichlorosucrose compound.
According to the FDA, Trichlorosucrose is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of Trichlorosucrose added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish Trichlorosucroses intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

Trichlorosucrose has been extensively studied and more than 110 safety studies were reviewed by FDA in approving the use of Trichlorosucrose as a general purpose sweetener for food.
However, there have been reports of headaches/migraine attacks occurring in people during Trichlorosucrose use, as with other artificial sweeteners.
Studies support the conclusion that Trichlorosucrose consumption does not adversely affect short-term blood glucose control in patients with diabetes.

One study found that heating Trichlorosucrose with glycerol, a compound found in fat molecules, produced harmful substances called chloropropanols.
These substances may raise cancer risk.
More research is needed, but Trichlorosucrose may be best to use other sweeteners instead when baking at temperatures above 350°F (175°C) in the meantime.

Like other artificial sweeteners, Trichlorosucrose is highly controversial.
Some claim that Trichlorosucrose’s entirely harmless, but new studies suggest that Trichlorosucrose may have some effects on your metabolism.

For some people, Trichlorosucrose may raise blood sugar and insulin levels.
Trichlorosucrose may also damage the bacterial environment in your gut, but this needs to be studied in humans.

The safety of Trichlorosucrose at high temperatures has also been questioned.
You may want to avoid cooking or baking with Trichlorosucrose, as Trichlorosucrose may release harmful compounds.
That being said, the long-term health effects are still unclear, but health authorities like the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) do consider Trichlorosucrose to be safe.

Effects on blood sugar and insulin:
Trichlorosucrose is said to have little or no effects on blood sugar and insulin levels.
However, this may depend on you as an individual and whether you’re used to consuming artificial sweeteners.

One small study in 17 people with severe obesity who didn’t regularly consume these sweeteners reported that Trichlorosucrose elevated blood sugar levels by 14% and insulin levels by 20%.
Several other studies in people with average weight who didn’t have any significant medical conditions have found no effects on blood sugar and insulin levels.
However, these studies included people who regularly used Trichlorosucrose.

If you don’t consume Trichlorosucrose on a regular basis, Trichlorosucrose’s possible that you may experience some changes to your blood sugar and insulin levels.
Yet, if you’re used to eating Trichlorosucrose, Trichlorosucrose probably won’t have any effect.

Applications of Trichlorosucrose:
Trichlorosucrose is an approved ingredient in many countries around the world.

You may find Trichlorosucrose in items like:
Packaged foods
Ready-made meals
Desserts
Chewing gum
Toothpaste
Drinks
Cakes

Even though Trichlorosucrose is considered to be safe by the FDA and other international organizations, you should try to be mindful when Trichlorosucrose comes to artificial sweeteners.
There are still studies being done on artificial sweeteners and how they affect our health.
Read the labels of products you regularly eat, drink, or use to see if they contain Trichlorosucrose or other sweeteners.

Other studies suggest that you can avoid any potential risks that artificial sweeteners may have by changing up the ones that you consume now and then.
If you really like adding Trichlorosucrose to your coffee or baked goods, try using other sweeteners or real sugar once in a while.
The American Dental Association (ADA) even suggests that mixing sweeteners can increase overall sweetness.

Remember that sugar in small amounts is okay.
Sweeteners like Trichlorosucrose can have some benefits, but you shouldn’t demonize sugar if Trichlorosucrose doesn’t have a negative effect on your health when Trichlorosucrose's used in moderation.

Uses of Trichlorosucrose:
Trichlorosucrose is used in many food and beverage products because Trichlorosucrose is a no-calorie sweetener, does not promote dental cavities, is safe for consumption by diabetics and nondiabetics, and does not affect insulin levels, although the powdered form of Trichlorosucrose-based sweetener product Trichlorosucrose (as most other powdered Trichlorosucrose products) contains 95% (by volume) bulking agents dextrose and maltodextrin that do affect insulin levels.
Trichlorosucrose is used as a replacement for, or in combination with, other artificial or natural sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame potassium or high-fructose corn syrup.
Trichlorosucrose is used in products such as candy, breakfast bars, coffee pods, and soft drinks.

Trichlorosucrose is also used in canned fruits wherein water and Trichlorosucrose take the place of much higher calorie corn syrup-based additives.
Trichlorosucrose mixed with maltodextrin or dextrose (both made from corn) as bulking agents is sold internationally by McNeil Nutritionals under the Trichlorosucrose brand name.
In the United States and Canada, this blend is increasingly found in restaurants, in yellow packets, in contrast to the blue packets commonly used by aspartame and the pink packets used by those containing saccharin sweeteners; in Canada, yellow packets are also associated with the SugarTwin brand of cyclamate sweetener.

Cooking:
Trichlorosucrose is available in a granulated form that allows same-volume substitution with sugar.
This mix of granulated Trichlorosucrose includes fillers, all of which rapidly dissolve in water.
While the granulated Trichlorosucrose provides apparent volume-for-volume sweetness, the texture in baked products may be noticeably different.

Trichlorosucrose is not hygroscopic, which can lead to baked goods that are noticeably drier and manifest a less dense texture than those made with sucrose.
Unlike sucrose, which melts when baked at high temperatures, Trichlorosucrose maintains Trichlorosucroses granular structure when subjected to dry, high heat (e.g., in a 350 °F or 180 °C oven).

Furthermore, in Trichlorosucroses pure state, Trichlorosucrose begins to decompose at 119 °C or 246 °F.
Thus, in some recipes, such as crème brûlée, which require sugar sprinkled on top to partially or fully melt and crystallize, substituting Trichlorosucrose does not result in the same surface texture, crispness, or crystalline structure.

Energy (caloric) content:
Though marketed in the U.S. as a “No calorie sweetener,” Trichlorosucrose actually contains slightly more calories than the same mass of sugar (391 kcal per 100 g vs 390 kcal per 100 g for white granulated sugar).
However, since Trichlorosucrose is one tenth as dense as sugar, a given volume of Trichlorosucrose has one tenth the energy of the same volume of sugar.
When Trichlorosucrose is added directly to commercial products, the filler is omitted and no energy is added.

Note too that although the “nutritional facts” label on Trichlorosucrose’s retail packaging states that a single serving of 0.5 gram (1 teaspoon or 5 milliliters) contains zero calories, Trichlorosucrose actually contains two calories per teaspoon.
Note that the individual, tear-open packages as shown at right are double-size, one-gram servings, which contain four calories.

Such labeling is appropriate in the U.S. because the FDA’s regulations permit a product to be labeled as “zero calories” if the “food contains less than 5 calories per reference amount customarily consumed and per labeled serving.”
Because Trichlorosucrose contains a relatively small amount of Trichlorosucrose, little of which is metabolized, virtually all of Trichlorosucrose’s caloric content derives from the highly fluffed dextrose or maltodextrin filler, or carrier, that gives Trichlorosucrose Trichlorosucroses volume.
Like other carbohydrates, dextrose and maltodextrin have 4 calories per gram.

Consumer Uses:
Trichlorosucrose is used in the following products: pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Trichlorosucrose is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Trichlorosucrose is used in the following products: pharmaceuticals, photo-chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Trichlorosucrose is used in the following areas: health services.

Trichlorosucrose is used for the manufacture of: food products.
Other release to the environment of Trichlorosucrose is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Benefits of Trichlorosucrose:

Health benefits:
Although Trichlorosucrose has no actual direct health benefits, as Trichlorosucrose’s a nonnutritive alternative to sugar, Trichlorosucrose has a number of indirect benefits associated with this use.
The consumption of sugar is well known to be associated with dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal (gum) disease.
Using Trichlorosucrose reduces sugar intake with the consequential benefits to dental health and Trichlorosucrose has thus been shown to be non-cariogenic.

Trichlorosucrose, being a nonnutritive sweetener, is used in many low calorie products.
Trichlorosucrose therefore has favourable applications for people trying to lose weight and subsequent beneficial effects on diseases associated with obesity including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome and some cancers.
Trichlorosucrose’s been shown to have no effect on hunger signalling and does not initiate an insulin response.

As well as contributing to obesity, sugar consumption has also been identified as a risk factor for CVD through Trichlorosucroses effects on serum triglycerides (a risk factor for CVD).
Therefore consuming Trichlorosucrose in place of sugar has positive implications in the reduction of risk of heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease.

Trichlorosucrose is also a suitable sweetener for sugar-free products suitable for use by both type 1 and type 2 diabetics as Trichlorosucrose has no effect on blood glucose or serum insulin levels.

Tastes Like Sugar:
Trichlorosucrose tastes like sugar and has no unpleasant aftertaste.
In scientific taste tests conducted by independent research organizations, Trichlorosucrose was found to have a taste profile very similar to sugar.

Can Help Control Caloric Intake:
Trichlorosucrose is not metabolized, thus Trichlorosucrose has no calories.
Trichlorosucrose passes rapidly through the body virtually unchanged, is unaffected by the body’s digestive process, and does not accumulate in the body.
By replacing Trichlorosucrose for sugar in foods and beverages, calories can be reduced substantially, or, in many products, practically eliminated.

Advantageous for People with Diabetes:
Trichlorosucrose is not recognized as sugar or a carbohydrate by the body.
Thus, Trichlorosucrose has no effect on glucose utilization, carbohydrate metabolism, the secretion of insulin, or glucose and fructose absorption.
Studies in persons with normal blood glucose levels and in persons with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes have confirmed that Trichlorosucrose has no effect on short- or long-term blood glucose control.

Does Not Promote Tooth Decay:
Scientific studies have shown that Trichlorosucrose does not support the growth of oral bacteria and does not promote tooth decay.

Extraordinary Heat Stability:
Trichlorosucrose is exceptionally heat stable, making Trichlorosucrose ideal for use in baking, canning, pasteurization, aseptic processing and other manufacturing processes that require high temperatures.
In studies among a range of baked goods, canned fruits, syrups, and jams and jellies, no measurable loss of Trichlorosucrose occurred during processing and throughout shelf life.

Long Shelf Life:
Trichlorosucrose combines the taste of sugar with the heat, liquid and storage stability required for use in all types of foods and beverages.
Trichlorosucrose is particularly stable in acidic products, such as carbonated soft drinks, and in other liquid based products (e.g., sauces, jelly, milk products, processed fruit drinks).
Trichlorosucrose is also very stable in dry applications such as powdered beverages, instant desserts, and tabletop sweeteners.

Ingredient Compatibility:
Trichlorosucrose has excellent solubility characteristics for use in food and beverage manufacturing and Trichlorosucrose is highly compatible with commonly used food ingredients, including flavors, seasonings, and preservatives.

Chemistry and Production of Trichlorosucrose:
Trichlorosucrose is a disaccharide composed of 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose and 4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose.
Trichlorosucrose is synthesized by the selective chlorination of sucrose in a multistep route that substitutes three specific hydroxyl groups with chlorine atoms.
This chlorination is achieved by selective protection of one of the primary alcohols as an ester (acetate or benzoate), followed by chlorination with an excess of any of several chlorinating agent to replace the two remaining primary alcohols and one of the secondary alcohols, and finally deprotection by hydrolysis of the ester.

Production:
Trichlorosucrose is made from a process that begins with regular table sugar (sucrose); however, Trichlorosucrose is not sugar.
Three select hydroxyl groups on the sucrose molecule are replaced with three chlorine atoms.
Trichlorosucrose’s structure prevents enzymes in the digestive tract from breaking Trichlorosucrose down, which is an inherent part of Trichlorosucroses safety.

Consumption:
Most (about 85 percent) of consumed Trichlorosucrose is not absorbed by the body and is excreted, unchanged, in the feces.
Of the small amount that is absorbed, none is broken down for energy—therefore, Trichlorosucrose does not provide any calories.
All absorbed Trichlorosucrose is excreted quickly in the urine.

Environmental effects of Trichlorosucrose:
According to one study, Trichlorosucrose is digestible by a number of microorganisms and is broken down once released into the environment.
However, measurements by the Swedish Environmental Research Institute have shown sewage treatment has little effect on Trichlorosucrose, which is present in wastewater effluents at levels of several μg/l (ppb).

No ecotoxicological effects are known at such levels, but the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency warns a continuous increase in levels may occur if the compound is only slowly degraded in nature.
When heated to very high temperatures (over 350 °C or 662 °F) in metal containers, Trichlorosucrose can produce polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and other persistent organic pollutants in the resulting smoke.

Trichlorosucrose has been detected in natural waters.
Studies indicate that this has virtually no impact on the early life development of certain animal species, but the impact on other species remains unknown.

Packaging and storage of Trichlorosucrose:
Most products that contain Trichlorosucrose add fillers and additional sweetener to bring Trichlorosucrose to the approximate volume and texture of an equivalent amount of sugar.
This is because Trichlorosucrose is nearly 600 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar).

Pure dry Trichlorosucrose undergoes some decomposition at elevated temperatures.
When Trichlorosucrose is in solution or blended with maltodextrin Trichlorosucrose is slightly more stable.

Pure Trichlorosucrose is sold in bulk, but not in quantities suitable for individual use, although some highly concentrated Trichlorosucrose–water blends are available online.
These concentrates contain one part Trichlorosucrose for each two parts water.

A quarter teaspoon of concentrate substitutes for one cup of sugar.
Pure, dry Trichlorosucrose undergoes some decomposition at elevated temperatures.
In solution or blended with maltodextrin, Trichlorosucrose is slightly more stable.

Storage:

Powder:
20°C / 3 years
4°C / 2 years

In solvent
80°C / 6 months
20°C / 1 month

Safety of Trichlorosucrose:
More than 100 safety studies representing over 20 years of research have shown Trichlorosucrose to be safe.
In 1998, the FDA approved Trichlorosucroses use as a sweetener in 15 specific food categories.
In 1999, the FDA expanded Trichlorosucroses regulation to allow Trichlorosucrose as a “general-purpose sweetener,” meaning that Trichlorosucrose is approved for use in any type of food or beverage.

Leading global health authorities such as the European Food Safety Authority and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives have concluded that Trichlorosucrose is safe for Trichlorosucroses intended use.
The safety of Trichlorosucrose has also been confirmed by Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; Food Standards Australia New Zealand; and Health Canada.
Based on the conclusions of these global authorities, Trichlorosucrose is currently permitted for use in more than 100 countries.

The FDA has established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for Trichlorosucrose of 5 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight per day.
The JECFA first established an ADI of 0—15 mg/kg of body weight per day for Trichlorosucrose in 1991.
The European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Food confirmed JECFA’s ADI for Trichlorosucrose in 2000.

The ADI represents an amount 100 times less than the quantity of Trichlorosucrose found to achieve a no-observed-adverse-effect-level in toxicology studies.
The ADI is a conservative number that the vast majority of people will not reach.
Using the ADI established by the FDA, a person weighing 150 pounds (68 kg) would exceed the ADI (340 mg of Trichlorosucrose) if consuming more than 26 individual tabletop packets of Trichlorosucrose every day over the course of their lifetime.

While precise measurements of the total amount of Trichlorosucrose people consume in the U.S. is limited, 1.6 mg/kg of body weight per day is a conservative mean estimate of Trichlorosucrose intake from beverages among adults that has recently been reported.
Globally, estimated Trichlorosucrose intake from foods and beverages also remains well below the ADI established by JECFA.
A 2018 scientific review found that studies conducted since 2008 raise no concerns for exceeding the ADI of the major low- and no-calorie sweeteners—including Trichlorosucrose—in the general population.

Health and food safety authorities such as the FDA and JECFA have concluded that Trichlorosucrose is safe for adults and children to consume within the ADI.
Trichlorosucrose metabolism is not expected to be different in children than Trichlorosucrose is in adults.

Trichlorosucrose can add sweetness to a child’s foods and beverages without contributing to calories consumed or added sugars intake.
Trichlorosucrose is not cariogenic or fermentable like sugars, so Trichlorosucrose does not increase the risk of dental caries.

With a focus on reducing consumption of added sugars in recent decades, the number of food and beverage products containing low-calorie sweeteners has increased.
While observational research among U.S. children and adults has shown an increase in the percentage of people reporting daily consumption of products containing low-calorie sweeteners, current intake of low-calorie sweeteners is considered to be well within acceptable levels, both globally and in the U.S.

The American Heart Association (AHA) advises against children regularly consuming beverages containing low-calorie sweeteners, instead recommending water and other unsweetened beverages such as plain milk.
One of the notable exceptions in the 2018 AHA science advisory is made for children with diabetes, whose blood glucose management may be benefitted by consuming low-calorie-sweetened beverages in place of sugar-sweetened varieties.
Citing an absence of data, the 2019 policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) does not provide advice on children under two years of age consuming foods or beverages that contain low-calorie sweeteners.

The 2019 AAP policy statement does, however, acknowledge potential benefits of low-calorie sweeteners for children by reducing calorie intake (especially among children with obesity), incidence of dental caries and glycemic response among children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
The 2020—2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) do not recommend the consumption of low-calorie sweeteners or added sugars by children younger than two years of age.
This DGA recommendation is not related to body weight, diabetes or the safety of added sugars or low-calorie sweeteners, but is instead intended to avoid infants and toddlers developing a preference for overly sweet foods during this formative phase.

Trichlorosucrose has been used safely as an artificial sweetener for over 20 years.
Canada was the first country to approve Trichlorosucrose for use in foods and beverages.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Trichlorosucrose in 1998 after reviewing 110 scientific studies.
Trichlorosucrose was approved for use by everyone, including people who are pregnant and children.

Twenty years of follow-up research have shown Trichlorosucrose to be safe for humans to consume and there don't appear to be any problems with short-term or long-term use.
Trichlorosucrose doesn't seem to interact with other foods or medications.

Occasionally, people express concern about the addition of chlorine because Trichlorosucrose's found in bleach.
But chlorine (as chloride) is also found in table salt, lettuce, and mushrooms.
And since Trichlorosucrose isn't digested, the chlorine isn't released into the body anyway.

The safety of Trichlorosucrose is documented by one of the most extensive and thorough safety testing programs ever conducted on a new food additive.
More than 100 studies conducted and evaluated over a 20-year period clearly demonstrate the safety of Trichlorosucrose.
Studies were conducted in a broad range of areas to assess whether there were any safety risks regarding cancer, genetic effects, reproduction and fertility, birth defects, immunology, the central nervous system, and metabolism.

These studies clearly indicate that Trichlorosucrose:

Trichlorosucrose does not cause:
tooth decay
cancer
genetic changes
birth defects

Safety evaluation of Trichlorosucrose:
Trichlorosucrose has been accepted as safe by several food safety regulatory bodies worldwide, including the FDA, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee Report on Food Additives, the European Union's Scientific Committee on Food, Health Protection Branch of Health and Welfare Canada, and Food Standards Australia New Zealand.
According to the Canadian Diabetes Association, the amount of Trichlorosucrose that can be consumed over a person's lifetime without any adverse effects is 900 mg per kg of body weight per day.

"In determining the safety of Trichlorosucrose, the FDA reviewed data from more than 110 studies in humans and animals.
Many of the studies were designed to identify possible toxic effects, including carcinogenic, reproductive, and neurological effects.
No such effects were found, and FDA's approval is based on the finding that Trichlorosucrose is safe for human consumption."

The FDA approval process indicated that consuming Trichlorosucrose in typical amounts as a sweetener was safe.
When the estimated daily intake is compared to the intake at which adverse effects are seen (known as the "highest no-effects limit", or HNEL at 1500 mg/kg BW/day, a large margin of safety exists.

The bulk of Trichlorosucrose ingested is not absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract (gut) and is directly excreted in the feces, while 11–27% of Trichlorosucrose is absorbed.
The amount absorbed from the gut is largely removed from the blood by the kidneys and eliminated in the urine, with 20–30% of the absorbed Trichlorosucrose being metabolized.

Research revealed that when Trichlorosucrose is heated to above 248 °F (120 °C), Trichlorosucrose may dechlorinate and decompose into compounds that could be harmful enough to risk consumer health.
The risk and intensity of this adverse effect is suspected to increase with rising temperatures.

The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment published an advisory warning that cooking with Trichlorosucrose could possibly lead to the creation of potentially carcinogenic chloropropanols, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, recommending that manufacturers and consumers avoid baking, roasting, or deep frying any Trichlorosucrose-containing foods until a more conclusive safety report is available.
Furthermore, adding Trichlorosucrose to food that has not cooled was discouraged, as was buying Trichlorosucrose-containing canned foods and baked goods.

Identifiers of Trichlorosucrose:
CAS number: 56038-13-2
EC number: 259-952-2
Grade: Ph Eur,ChP,NF,JPE
Hill Formula: C₁₂H₁₉Cl₃O₈
Molar Mass: 397.63 g/mol
HS Code: 2932 14 00
Quality Level: MQ500

ChEBI: CHEBI:32159
ECHA InfoCard: 100.054.484
E number: E955
KEGG: C12285
UNII: 96K6UQ3ZD4
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1040245
InChI:
InChI=1S/C12H19Cl3O8/c13-1-4-7(17)10(20)12(3-14,22-4)23-11-9(19)8(18)6(15)5(2-16)21-11/h4-11,16-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1
Key: BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N
InChI=1/C12H19Cl3O8/c13-1-4-7(17)10(20)12(3-14,22-4)23-11-9(19)8(18)6(15)5(2-16)21-11/h4-11,16-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7-,8+,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1
Key: BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRBF
SMILES: Cl[C@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](O[C@@]1(O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)CCl)CCl)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO

Properties of Trichlorosucrose:
Chemical formula: C12H19Cl3O8
Molar mass: 397.64 g/mol
Appearance: Off-white to white powder
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.69 g/cm3
Melting point: 125 °C (257 °F; 398 K)
Solubility in water: 283 g/L (20°C)
Acidity (pKa): 12.52±0.70

Density: 1.62 g/cm3 (20 °C) Not applicable
Melting Point: 114.5 °C (decomposition)
pH value: 6 - 8 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Solubility: 300 g/l

Molecular Weight: 397.6 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 396.014551 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 396.014551 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 129Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 23
Complexity: 405
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 9
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Names of Trichlorosucrose:

Regulatory process names:
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose

IUPAC name:
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside

Preferred IUPAC name:
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy}-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol

IUPAC names:
(2R, 3R, 4R, 5R, 6R)-2-[(2R, 3S, 4S, 5S)-2,5-bis-(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy}-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-ß-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-a-D-galactose
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyhex-2-ulofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxyhexopyranoside
4,1',6'-trichloro-galacto-sucrose
Sucralose

Trade names:
SUCRALOSE
Sucralose

Other names:
1′,4,6′-Trichlorogalactosucrose
Trichlorosucrose
E955
4,1′,6′-Trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxygalactosucrose
TGS
Sucralose

Other identifiers:
56038-13-2