TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE

Trisodium citrate dihydrate has the chemical formula of Na₃C₆H₅O₇. Although sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid, Trisodium citrate dihydrate is sometimes referred to simply as "sodium citrate". Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate has a salty, slightly tart flavour. 
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid. It is produced by the complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used in foods, beverages and various technical applications mainly as buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate occurs as white, granular crystals or as a white, crystalline powder with a pleasant, salty taste. It is slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %).
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a non-toxic, neutral salt with low reactivity. It is chemically stable if stored at ambient temperatures. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is fully biodegradable and can be disposed of with regular waste or sewage.

CAS No: 6132-04-3
EC Number: 612-118-5

IUPAC Names: 
Trisodium
2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Dihydrate
Sodium citrate
sodium citrate
trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate
TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE
Trisodium citrate dihydrate
trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;dihydrate

SYNONYMS: 
Trisodium citrate dihydrate;Sodium citrate dihydrate;6132-04-3;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt, dihydrate;Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate;MFCD00150031;Sodium citrate hydrate;trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;dihydrate;UNII-B22547B95K;B22547B95K;trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate;Trisodium citrate dihydrate;Citric acid trisodium salt dihydrate;tri-sodium citrate dihydrate;Citric acid, trisodium salt dihydrate, ACS reagent;sodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate;Sodiumcitrate;Citric acid, trisodium salt dihydrate, 99%, for biochemistry;Natrum citricum;Tricitrasol (TN);ACMC-20ajao;Sodium citrate (TN)(JP17);CHEBI:32142;Trisodium citrate dihydrate, ACS;AKOS025293920;Citric acid, trisodium salt, dihydrate;Citronensaeure,Trinatrium-Salz-Dihydrat;Sodium citrate dihydrate, >=99%, FG;BP-31019;R385;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 3.0;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 4.0;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 4.5;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 5.0;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 5.5;Citrate, 0.5M buffer solution, pH 6.0;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, >=98%;Sodium citrate dihydrate, ACS reagent grade;C13249;D01781;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, AR, >=99%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, LR, >=99%
reagent;124799-EP2287158A1;124799-EP2295426A1;124799-EP2295427A1;A835986;Citric acid, trisodium salt dihydrate, 99%, pure;Q22075862;Sodium citrate dihydrate Biochemical grade, Fine Granularreagent, >=99.0%;trisodium 2-oxidanylpropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate;UNII-1Q73Q2JULR component NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, >=99.0% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, insect cell culture tested;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, JIS special grade, >=99.0%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, purum p.a., >=99.0% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.;trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate--water (1/2);Trisodium citrate dihydrate, meets USP testing specifications;2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid trisodium salt dihydrate;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioXtra, >=99.0% (titration);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, for molecular biology, >=99%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;Sodium citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, dihydrate;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99-101%;1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, hydrate (1:3:2);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=99.0%;Sodium Citrate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, FCC, E331, 99-100.5% (calc. to the dried substance);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, suitable for amino acid analysis, >=98% (titration), powder;ANTI-BABOON IGM, BIOTIN;BETA-HYDROXY-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE;HYDROXYTRICARBALLYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID NA3-SALT 2H2O;CITRIC ACID H2O;CITRIC ACID TRISODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID, 3NA, DIHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID-1-HYDRATE;2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanenetricarboxylicacidtrisodiumsaltdihydrate;Citricacid, trisodiuM salt dihydrate, ACS reagent;Citric acid, trisodiuM salt dihydrate, 99%, for biocheMistry;TRI-SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE P.A. EMSURE;SodiuM Citrate (AS);Sodium Citrate (1 g) (AS);SODIUM CITRATE、SODIUM CITRATE DEHYDRATE;sodiuM 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate dihydrate;Sodium Citrate (1 g);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate ACS reagent, >=99.0%;Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.0% (NT);Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;ACIDUM CITRICUM MONOHYDRICUM;2-HYDROXY-1,2,3-PROPANETRICARBOXYLIC ACID, MONOHYDRATE;2-HYDROXY-1,2,3-PROPANETRICARBOXYLIC ACID, TRISODIUM SALT, DIHYDRATE;SODIUM CITRATE 2H2O;SODIUM CITRATE, DIHYDRATE;SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC DIHYDRATE;SODIUM CITRATE TRISODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE;SODIUM CITRADE DIHYDRATE;NATRII CITRAS;SODIUM CITRATE, USP, DIHYDRATE POWDER;CITRIC ACID MONO BP93;CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS 40-120 MESH;CITRIC ACID MON;CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE BP93;CITRIC ACID MONO;CITRIC ACID MONO AND ANH;CITRIC ACID MONO BP-93 & BP-98;CITRIC ACID BP93;CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS USP;CITRIC ACID MONODYRATE BP93;CITRIC ACID FOOD GRAD;CITRIC ACID MONO BP98;CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE FOOD GRADE;Cit acid monohydrate;SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC DIHYDRATE USP;TRI-SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE, FOR MOLECU LAR BIOLOGY;SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC DIHYDRATE, REAGENT GRADE, 99%;TRI-SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE, FOR LUMINE SCENCE;CITRIC ACID TRISODIUM DIHYDRATESIGMAULTR A;SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE, 99+%, A.C.S. REAGENT;CITRIC ACID TRISODIUM DIHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID, TRISODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE, 9 9%;SODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE 99+%;TRI-SODIUM CITRATE-2-HYDRATE R. G., REAG . ACS, REAG. ISO, REAG. PH. EUR.;SODIUM CITRATE TRIBASIC DIHYDRATE, PH EUR;SodiumCitrateBp93

General description
Sodium citrate dihydrate, (molecular formula: Na3C6H5O7 • 2H2O) has a molecular weight of 294.1, is a colourless crystal or white crystalline powder product; it is odourless, salty taste, and cool. It will lose its crystal water at 150 °C and will be decomposed at an even higher temperature. It also has slight deliquescence in wet air and has weathering property upon hot air. It is soluble in water and glycerol but insoluble in alcohol and some other organic solvents. Sodium citrate dihydrate has no toxic effect, and has pH adjusting capability as well as having good stability, and therefore can be used in the food industry. Sodium citrate dihydrate has the greatest demand when being used as a food additive; As food additives, it is mainly used as flavouring agents, buffers, emulsifiers, bulking agents, stabilizers and preservatives; in addition, a combination between sodium citrate dihydrate and citric acid can be used in a variety of jams, jelly, juice, drinks, cold drinks, dairy products and pastries gelling agents, flavouring agents and nutritional supplements.

Excellent performance
Sodium citrate dihydrate is currently the most important citrate dihydrate. It is produced by two steps: first starch food is fermented to generate citric acid; secondly, citric acid is neutralized by alkali to generate the final products. Sodium citrate dihydrate has the following excellent performance:
Safe and nontoxic properties; Since the basic raw material for the preparation of sodium citrate dihydrate mainly comes from food, it is absolutely safe and reliable without causing harm to human health. The United Nations Food and Agriculture and the World Health Organization has no restriction in its daily intake, which means that this product can be considered as non-toxic food.
It is biodegradable. After subjecting to the dilution of a large amount of water, sodium citrate dihydrate is partially converted into citrate dihydrate, which coexists with sodium citrate dihydrate in the same system. Citrate dihydrate is easy to subject to biological degradation at the water by the action of oxygen, heat, light, bacteria and microbes. Its decomposition pathways are generally going through aconitic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid anhydride to be further converted to carbon dioxide and water.
The ability to form a complex with metal ions. Sodium citrate dihydrate has a good capability of forming a complex with some metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+; for other ions such as Fe2+, it also has a good complex-forming ability.
Excellent solubility and the solubility increases with increasing temperature of the water.
It has a good capability for pH adjustment and a good buffering property. Sodium citrate dihydrate is a weak acid-strong alkali salt; When combined with citrate dihydrate, they can form a pH buffer with strong compatibility; therefore, this is very useful for some cases in which it is not suitable to have a large change of pH value. In addition, sodium citrate dihydrate also has excellent retardation performance and stability.

APPLICATIONS
Foods
Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavour or as a preservative. Its E number is E331. Sodium citrate is employed as a flavouring agent in certain varieties of club soda. It is common as an ingredient in Bratwurst and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes, contributing a tart flavour. It is found in gelatin mix, ice cream, yoghurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, and wine, amongst others.

Sodium citrate can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese. It allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating.

As a conjugate base of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a buffering agent or acidity regulator, resisting changes in pH. It is used to control acidity in some substances, such as gelatin desserts. It can be found in the milk mini containers used with coffee machines. The compound is the product of antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, when they are dissolved in water. The pH of a solution of 5 g/100 ml water at 25 °C is 7.5 – 9.0. It is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the PH impact of the gastrointestinal system of humans, mainly in processed products such as cheese and yoghurt.

Boiler descaling
Sodium citrate is a particularly effective agent for the removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from the operation and for cleaning automobile radiators.

APPLICATION AREAS

Industry Uses        
-Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
-Processing aids, not otherwise listed
-unknown potential industrial chemicals
-Adhesives, Sealants
- Agrochemicals, Fertilisers
- Construction
- Fine Chemicals
- Inks, Paints, Coatings
- Oil Drilling
- Paper
- Plastics, Polymers
- Textile, Leather

Consumer Uses        
-Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
-Automotive care products
-Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
-Cleaning and furnishing care products

Industry Processing Sectors
-All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
-Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing.
-Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
-Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing

Properties
-Dihydrate
-White
-Granular crystals or crystalline powder
-Typical, practically odourless
-Pleasantly salty
-Freely soluble in water
-Practically insoluble in ethanol (96 %)
-Non-toxic
-Low reactive
-Chemically and microbiologically stable
-Fully biodegradable

Main functions
-pH regulator
-Chelating agent
-Buffering agent
-Flavour enhancer
-Stabiliser
-Emulsifying agent

Beverages
- Alcoholic Beverages
- Carbonated Soft Drinks
- Instant Drinks, Syrups
- Juice Drinks
- Plant-based
- RTD Tea and Coffee
- Sports and Energy Drinks
- Waters
 
Food
- Baby Food, Infant Formula
- Bakery
- Cereals, Snacks
- Confectionery
- Dairy
- Dairy Alternatives
- Desserts, Ice Cream
- Flavours
- Fruit Preparations, Sweet Spreads
- Fruits, Vegetables
- Meat Alternatives
- Meat, Seafood
- Plant-based Products
- Ready Meals, Instant Food
- Sauces, Dressings, Seasonings
 
Pharma
- Buffering agent
- Chelating agent
- Mineral source
 
Healthcare
- Clinical Nutrition
- Medical Devices
- OTC, Food Supplements
- Pharmaceutical Products

Personal Care
- Colour Cosmetics
- Fragrances
- Hair Care
- Oral Care
- Skin Care
- Soap and Bath Products
 
Cleaners & Detergents
- Dish Washing
- Industrial Cleaners
- Laundry Care
- Surface Care
 
Feed & Pet Food
- Feed
- Pet Food

Effect and application
During the process of clinically taking fresh blood, adding some amount of sterile sodium citrate can play a role in preventing blood clotting; this is exactly taking advantage of the features that calcium citrate can form soluble complexes with calcium ion; In the field of medicine, it is used for the in vitro anti-clotting drugs and anticoagulants drugs, phlegm drugs, and diuretics drugs during blood transfusions; it can also be used for cyanide-free electroplating industry; also used as a developer for the photographic industry. It can be used as flavouring agents, buffering materials, emulsifiers, and stabilizer in the food industry. Moreover, it is also widely used in chemical, metallurgical industry, the absorption of sulfur dioxide exhaust with the absorption rate of 99% and regenerate liquid sulfur dioxide citrate for recycling application. Sodium citrate has a good water solubility and an excellent cheating capability with Ca2 +, Mg2 + and other metal ions; it is biodegradable and has a strong dispersing ability and anti-redeposition ability; Daily-applied chemical detergents use it as an alternative to trimer sodium phosphate for the production of non-phosphorus detergent and phosphate-free liquid detergent. Adding a certain amount of sodium citrate to the detergent can significantly increase the cleaning ability of detergent cleaning. The large scale of application of sodium tripolyphosphate as a builder in detergents is an important discovery in the synthetic detergent industry. It is non-toxic without environmental pollution; it can also be acted as a buffer for the production of cosmetics.

Chemical Properties
It is colourless crystals or white crystalline powder and is odourless, cool and salty. It has no melting point with a relative density of 1.857. It is stable in air at room temperature with loss of crystal water when being heated to 150 °C loss of crystal water; further heating will cause its decomposition. It is insoluble in ethanol but highly soluble in water.

Uses        
It can be used as Ph adjusting agents and emulsifying enhancers applied to jam, candy, jelly and ice cream; its combination with citric acid has an effect of alleviating tour; it also has effects on forming a complex with metal ions. China rules that it can be applied to various types of food with appropriate usage according to the absolute necessity.
It can be used as a food additive, as a complex agent and buffering agent in the electroplating industry; in the field of the pharmaceutical industry, it is used for the manufacturing of anti-clotting drugs; and used as the detergent additives in the light industry.
It is used as the analysis agents used for chromatography analysis and can also use for preparing bacterial culture medium; moreover, it can also be applied to the pharmaceutical industry.
The product can be used for the flavouring processing of food, as stabilizers, buffers and deputy complex-forming agents in the non-toxic electroplating industry; in the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an anti-clotting agent, phlegm drugs and diuretics drugs. It can also be used in brewing, injection, newspaper and movies medicines.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavour or as a preservative.
Anticoagulant for collection of blood. In photography; as sequestering agent to remove trace metals; as an emulsifier, acidulant and sequestrant in foods.
An anticoagulant also used as a biological buffer

Chemical Properties
Trisodium citrate dihydrate consists of odourless, colourless, monoclinic crystals, or a white crystalline powder with a cooling, saline taste. It is slightly deliquescent in moist air, and in warm dry air, it is efflorescent. Although most pharmacopoeias specify that sodium citrate is the dihydrate, the USP 32 states that Trisodium citrate dihydrate may be either the dihydrate or anhydrous material.

Production Methods
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is prepared by adding sodium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases. The resulting solution is filtered and evaporated to dryness.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, as either dihydrate or anhydrous material, is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.
It is used in food products, primarily to adjust the pH of solutions. It is also used as a sequestering agent. The anhydrous material is used in effervescent tablet formulations. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is additionally used as a blood anticoagulant either alone or in combination with other citrates such as disodium hydrogen citrate.

Biological Activity
Commonly used laboratory reagent

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent. It used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid. It consists of colourless to white crystals and is practically odourless. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is commonly used in various technical and industrial applications mainly as a pH buffering, sequestering or emulsifying agent. Also used as a retarder for mortar mixes.

Uses of Trisodium Citrate
Buffering agent.
Manufacture of household cleaners, degreasers and detergents.

Industrial applications
In the cleaning industry trisodium citrate is commonly used because of its excellent cleaning characteristics and its unusual property of being almost neutral yet portraying the characteristics of acid as in descalers and alkali as in degreasers. Cleaning products include laundry powders and detergents, toilet cleaners, hard surface cleaners, carpet cleaners, dishwashing liquids, powder and liquid degreasers and presoaks. It is becoming more and more popular now as it is considered environmentally friendly, it substitutes phosphates and is readily biodegradable.

In industry, trisodium citrate finds many uses including alkaline degreaser baths, electroplating chemicals for copper and nickel etc, photo chemicals. It is also used in the paper and pulp industries and the textiles industry.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate dihydrate is effective to retard plaster mixes. It must be used carefully as adding too much will prevent the plaster from curing properly. Premix the citrate in water first and add to the plaster mix.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7.2H2O) is a tribasic salt of citric acid. It has a sour taste similar to citric acid and is salty as well. It is often used as a food preservative, and as a flavouring in the food industry. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used to control pH. It may be used as an alkalizing agent, buffering agent, emulsifier, or sequestering agent.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is indicated for the management of renal tubular acidosis with calcium stones, hypocitraturia calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis of any aetiology, uric acid lithiasis with or without calcium stones. When Trisodium citrate dihydrate is given orally, the metabolism of absorbed citrate produces an alkaline load. The induced alkaline load in turn increases urinary pH and raises urinary citrate by augmenting citrate clearance without measurably altering ultra filterable serum citrate. Thus, Trisodium citrate dihydrate therapy appears to increase urinary citrate principally by modifying the renal handling of citrate, rather than by increasing the filtered load of citrate. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used as a food additive (E 332) to regulate acidity.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is manufactured by neutralizing citric acid derived from a submerged fermentation process.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is available as translucent white crystals and has a slightly saline taste. The water of crystallization constitutes approximately 20% by weight of the dihydrate form.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid. It is produced by the complete neutralisation of citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate and subsequent crystallisation. Citric acid is the product of microbial fermentation using carbohydrate substrates. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used as an excellent pH regulator and an odourless buffering agent for bath and shower gels, creams, styling or decorative products. 

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is derived from citric acid and is available in either free-flowing colourless granular or powder forms. It is odourless and freely soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. Storage at room temperature in tightly sealed containers is recommended. Trisodium citrate anhydrous may be used for the same applications as the widely used dihydrate salt but can provide particular benefit in dry products where the absence of moisture and/or long shelf life is required.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid. It is produced by the complete neutralization of citric acid with a high purity sodium source and subsequent crystallization. Buffers pH and enhances the action of methyl parabens. Used in toothpaste & dental creams, effervescent denture cleansers, mouth rinses and oral hygiene products.

Trisodium citrate dihydrate is sometimes referred to simply as sodium citrate, though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. It possesses a saline, mildly tart flavour. It is mildly basic and can be used along with citric acid to make biologically compatible buffers.

Trisodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid. It is white, crystalline powder or white, granular crystals, slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in alcohol. Like citric acid, it has a sour taste. From the medical point of view, it is used as an alkalinizing agent. It works by neutralizing excess acid in the blood and urine. It has been indicated for the treatment of metabolic acidosis.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate consists of colourless crystals, with a salty taste and barely perceptible odour.

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is also known as trisodium citrate, citrosodine and trisodium salt.  Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate products are non-toxic and fully biodegradable. 

Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is manufactured when making citric acid and is used in similar applications including photography, soft drinks, and foods as it buffers PH levels to control acidity and also as a sequestering agent when sodium citrate attaches to calcium ions in water to stop limescale interfering with soaps and detergents.
Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate is sometimes simply referred to as "sodium citrate", although sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts. Trisodium citrate dihydrate, also known as sodium citrate, is an organic compound. Trisodium citrate dihydrate has an odourless, cold, salty flavour. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is stable at room temperature and air, slightly soluble in wet air, trisodium citrate dihydrate is more soluble in hot air. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is easily soluble in water, glycerol, alcohol and other organic solvents. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is decomposed by overheating, slightly dispersed in a moist environment and slightly decomposed in warm air. Trisodium citrate dihydrate has a salty, slightly sour taste. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is slightly basic and can be used with citric acid to make biocompatible buffers. Trisodium citrate dihydrate has a sour taste similar to citric acid and is also salty. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is often used as a food preservative and as a sweetener in the food industry. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used in the pharmaceutical industry to control pH.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate can be used as an alkalizing agent, buffering agent, emulsifier, or separating agent. Normal quantities of Sodium. Soluble in water, almost insoluble in ethanol. Sodium Citrate is the sodium salt of citrate with alkalizing activity. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a tribasic salt of citric acid. 
From a solution containing uranyl nitrate and sodium citrate, single crystals of trisodium citrate dihydrate, 3Na + C6H5O73-2H2O, are obtained. The structure consists of a complex network of citrate and sodium ions. In addition, hydrogen bonds are formed between citrate ions and the water of crystallization. Trisodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7.2H2O) is a tribasic salt of citric acid. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used in the food industry as a flavouring agent and stabilizer. Trisodium citrate dihydrate Used in the pharmaceutical industry as an anticoagulant, sputum dispersant and diuretic. In the trisodium citrate dihydrate detergent industry, sodium tripolyphosphate can be substituted as a non-toxic detergent additive. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is also used in fermentation, injection, photographic medicine, and electroplating. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is mainly used as a food additive, often as a flavouring or preservative. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used as a flavouring agent in certain varieties of club soda. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is common as an ingredient in Bratwurst and is also used in commercial ready-to-drink beverages and beverage mixes and contributes to a sour taste. The trisodium citrate dihydrate gelatin mixture is used in the production of ice cream, yoghurt, jam, desserts, milk powder, processed cheeses, sodas and wine, among others.

Trisodium Sodium citrate can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer in cheese making. Trisodium citrate dihydrate stops the decomposition of fats, allowing the cheese to melt before Trisodium citrate becomes fat. As the conjugate base of a weak acid, trisodium citrate dihydrate can act as a buffering agent or acidity regulator by resisting pH changes. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used to control acidity in some items such as gelatin desserts. The compound is the product of antacids such as Alka-Seltzer when dissolved in water. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the effect of PH in the human gastrointestinal tract, especially in processed products such as cheese and yoghurt. Today, sodium citrate is used for blood preservation in blood collection tubes and blood banks. Citrate ion disrupts the blood clotting mechanism by forming calcium citrate complexes by clamping calcium ions in the blood.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used mainly as a buffering, chelating or emulsifying agent in foods, beverages and various technical applications. Also, trisodium citrate dihydrate is used in fermentation, injection, electroplating and other medicines and photography. Upon absorption, sodium citrate decomposes into sodium cations and citrate anions; organic citrate ions are metabolized to bicarbonate ions, resulting in an increase in plasma bicarbonate concentration, buffering of excess hydrogen ion, the elevation of blood pH and potential reversal of acidosis. 
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is the most widely used emulsifying salt in sliced processed cheese products. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is commonly used as a buffering agent in combination with citric acid to provide precise pH control required in many food and beverage applications. Trisodium citrate is often referred to as sodium citrate, though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three sodium salts of citric acid. Sodium citrate has a saline, mildly tart flavour. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is mildly basic and can be used along with citric acid to make biologically compatible buffers. Sodium citrate is primarily used as a food additive, usually for flavour or as a preservative. In certain varieties of club soda, sodium citrate is employed as a flavouring agent. Sodium citrate is a common ingredient in Bratwurst and is also used to contribute a tart flavour in commercial, ready-to-drink beverages and drink mixes.
Bakery Flavors, Table Top Product Dairy Confectionery, Fruits, Vegetables Meat, Seafood, Cereals, Snacks Desserts, Ice Cream Ready Meals, Instant Food, Fruit Preparations, Sweet Spreads Baby Food, Infant Formula Sauces, Dressings, Seasoning The main functions of citric acid and the citrates in foods and beverages can be summarized as follows: as a flavour adjunct, to improve the taste as a pH control agent, e.g., for gelation control, buffering and preservative enhancement as a chelating agent to improve the action of antioxidants and prevent spoilage of foods such as seafood Beverages, Alcoholic Beverages, Carbonated Soft Drinks, Instant Drinks, Syrups, Juice Drinks, Tea and Coffee, Sports and Energy Drinks, Waters Within this market, citric acid or its salts perform several functions. The dominant application is for flavour enhancement. Many of the lemon, lime or citrus soft drinks available today use citric acid as a way of enhancing the tangy, zesty flavour consumers associate with these tropical fruit flavours. Additionally, citric acid can help provide consistency in the acidity and flavour of fruit juices or fruit cordials.

The citrate ion is a powerful chelating agent for trace metal ions.  Diuretic - potassium citrate has diuretic properties. Clinical Nutrition Medical Devices OTC, Food Supplements Pharmaceutical Productscolor Cosmetics Deodorants, Fragrances Hair Care, Oral Care Skin Care Soap and Bath Products, Cleaners & Detergents, The major components of cleaning products are surfactants and builders. Other ingredients are added to provide a variety of functions, e.g., increasing cleaning performance for specific soils/surfaces, ensuring product stability, and supplying a unique identity to a product. Complex phosphates and sodium citrate are common sequestering builders. Builders enhance or maintain the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant. The primary function of builders is to reduce water hardness. This is done either by sequestration or chelation (holding hardness minerals in solution); by precipitation (forming an insoluble substance); or by ion exchange (trading electrically charged particles). Builders can also supply and maintain alkalinity, which assists cleaning, especially of acid soils; help keep removed soil from redepositing during washing, and emulsify oily and greasy soils. Dish Washing Industrial Cleaners, Laundry Care Surface Care.
This material is available in colourless granular form or powdery form. This is fragrance-free material and generously mixed with water, but not in the alcohol. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is not contained any food allergens and Trisodium citrate dihydrate is suitable for consumption by vegans and vegetarians. Trisodium citrate dihydrate adds enjoyable flavour to food items. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used as dehydrating salt, but Trisodium citrate dihydrate provides a remarkable gain in dry products where long shelf life is needed to store it.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used as flavours, stabilizing agent, buffering agent, chelating agent, nutritional supplement of buttermilk, emulsifying agent and flavouring agent in the food and beverage industry; Trisodium citrate dihydrate can be used as anti-blood clotting, apophlegmatisant and diuretics in the pharmaceutical industry; Trisodium citrate dihydrate can replace sodium tripolyphosphate as a non-toxic detergent additive in the detergent industry; Trisodium citrate dihydrate can also be used in brewing, injection, photography drugs and electroplating etc.
 Sodium citrate dihydrate (C6H5Na3O7•2H2O), also known as citric trisodium salt dihydrate, or trisodium citrate dehydrate is obtained from citric acid and is available in granular or powder form having a salty but pleasant taste. Sodium citrate dihydrate is odourless and freely soluble in water, marginally deliquescent in moist air, and insoluble in alcohol. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is prepared by completely neutralizing citric acid with high purity sodium hydroxide or carbonate followed by crystallization.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a non-toxic, neutral salt having low reactivity. Trisodium citrate dihydrate shows chemically stability when stored at ambient temperatures. Sodium citrate dihydrate is totally biodegradable and disposable with regular waste or sewage. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is widely used in the food industry in preservatives and as a flavouring agent. In the pharmaceutical industry, Trisodium citrate dihydrate is used to resist changes in the pH. Sodium citrate dihydrate also finds its use as a buffering agent, alkalizing agent, emulsifying agent, or sequestering agent.
Seasonal factors for beverages and new detergent applications are the principal growth drivers for the global sodium citrate dihydrate market. Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate (TriSodium Citrate) is commonly used to improve exercise performance and as a food additive. Trisodium citrate dihydrate's naturally a strong source of antioxidants and typically used as a natural preservative. Some have also used the ingredient in beverages to increase acidity or to emulsify cheese during the ageing process. This ingredient may be added to foods and beverages or smoothies and green drinks. Trisodium citrate dihydrate is a pure white powder and has no fillers or binders, additives or preservatives.